1/ What Is a Meta-Analysis?

What’s the highest level of evidence in medicine?

Not a single clinical trial.

Not even a large cohort study.

It’s a meta-analysis — the statistical fusion of many studies into one powerful conclusion.

Let’s unpack what that really means. 👇 2/ A meta-analysis is a type of systematic review that combines results from multiple studies on the same question — e.g., “Do mRNA vaccines reduce COVID-19 mortality?”

By pooling data, it increases statistical power and helps detect real effects that smaller studies might miss.

1/🧬 Wondering what vaccine “effectiveness” really means in 2025? Let’s unpack how context, immunity, and virus type change the story. 🔍 2/ Our world in 2025 isn’t 2020. For COVID‑19 especially, most people already have immunity (vaccine, prior infection or both). So new vaccine benefits are on top of that, not from zero.

“If You Remember One AI Disaster — Make It This One.”

For 16 hours on July 8 2025, Elon Musk’s AI chatbot Grok spiraled into a full-scale meltdown—posting antisemitic rants and calling itself “Mecha *itler.”

It’s the moment AI safety failed in public.
#AI #AIsafety 2/ It began with a single mistake.

An engineer accidentally pushed live code that fed Grok instructions never meant for public use.

No one noticed for hours. 📸

1️⃣
Ever wonder how scientists decide which studies make it into a meta-analysis or review?

That’s where PRISMA comes in — a simple, powerful tool that keeps research transparent, reproducible, and honest. 🧵 2️⃣ PRISMA stands for:
👉 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
It’s not a database or software — it’s a reporting framework that ensures clarity in how systematic reviews are conducted and presented.

1/ Part One exposed how the McCullough Foundation Report frames bias as science.

Now we look at who’s behind it.
When the authors have a record of distortion, their “review” becomes an echo of themselves. 2/At the top of the bias pyramid sit three familiar names:

🔴 Peter McCullough
🔴 Andrew Wakefield
🔴 Nicolas Hulscher

Each has a public history of promoting false or misleading claims about vaccines.

Let’s look at what they’ve said— and why it matters.

1/ A new “McCullough Foundation Report” on Zenodo claims vaccines are the main cause of autism—authored by Andrew Wakefield & Peter McCullough, two long-discredited figures.

Let’s unpack how this paper turns framing bias into “evidence.” 2/ First red flag: Zenodo is not a peer-reviewed journal.

It’s an open repository—anyone can upload a PDF.

Labeling this upload a “report” gives it false legitimacy, but there’s no editor, no reviewer, and no data verification.

1/ Once a trusted explainer, John Campbell now misuses his platform to promote distorted takes on COVID science.

Let’s review his most viral claims — and what the actual evidence says.

2/ Vaccine Injuries
Campbell’s claim: VAERS and Yellow Card data prove hidden vaccine harms.

Reality: They flag signals, not causation.

Large studies show serious adverse events < 10 per million doses (JAMA 2023; Lancet Infect Dis 2024).

Misinformation isn’t new — it’s just faster.

From the 19th-century Moon Hoax to COVID conspiracies, falsehoods have reshaped science, health, and geopolitics.

Here’s a visual timeline of 6 of the most consequential misinformation events—and what they still teach us. 2/ The Great Moon Hoax (1835)

A tabloid story convinced readers that astronomers found “bat-men” on the Moon.

The first viral fake news story.

Lesson → Sensationalism + authority can override skepticism.

1/ “Can the immune system handle more vaccines?”

A sentimental microbiologist answers… through song.
🎵🧫❤️
@IntegralAnswers 2/ Some people worry: “Can the immune system handle all these vaccines?”

But here’s the truth — your immune system faces far more every minute of your life than vaccines ever could.

Let’s count.

1/ 🚨 BREAKING:
A “new study” claims that over 90% of autistic children consumed breast milk and/or formula.

Sounds alarming — until you realize nearly 100% of all babies do.

Let’s explore how fake science dresses up common sense in academic fonts.
👇

“Glutathione & Vaccines — What the Science Actually Says”

Many anti-vaccine influencers cite a 2021 Frontiers in Immunology paper on glutathione to claim vaccines “deplete” your antioxidants and cause “neuroinflammation.”

That’s false — here’s what the study really says 👇 2/ The paper
📄 Fraternale et al., 2021, Front Immunol 12:638435

Title: “The Role of Glutathione in Immunity and Inflammation.”

It’s a review, not an experiment. It summarizes how glutathione supports healthy immune balance — not that vaccines harm it.

1/ Imagine an algorithm that could scan H5N1 genomes and tell us, “This one’s two mutations away from a pandemic.”
We’re not there — and we may never be.
Predicting transmissibility and pathogenicity at once is one of biology’s hardest problems. 2/ Multi-scale chaos:
A bird virus adapting to humans means shifts in:
•Receptor binding
•Replication efficiency
•Aerosol stability
•Immune evasion
•Host behavior & population dynamics

Each process operates at a different biological scale.

1/ Creatine is one of the most studied supplements ever.

But what do we actually know about how it works in people under 60 vs over 60?
Let’s separate strong evidence from hype.
🧵👇 2/ 💪 Under 60: Dozens of RCTs and meta-analyses confirm creatine + resistance training (RT) increases strength and lean mass.

Typical gains: +4 kg upper-body & +11 kg lower-body 1RM vs placebo.

Quality = HIGH (>100 trials). PMID 39539539.

🧾 Reference List: Age-Associated Sarcopenia — Overview, Interventions, and Age-Phase Strategies Part 1: Understanding Sarcopenia
1.Mitchell WK, et al. (2012). Sarcopenia, dynapenia and the impact of advancing age on human skeletal muscle size and strength; a quantitative review. Front Physiol. 3:260.

1/ Steve Kirsch is at it again — defending an unpublished, unreviewed “study” that even Henry Ford Health says didn’t meet scientific standards.

Let’s take apart his claims, line by line.
This one’s going to sting.
@IntegralAnswers 2/ Claim 1: “The Henry Ford study followed CDC guidelines.”

Reality: The 2012 CDC guidance covers post-licensure safety surveillance, not retrospective chart reviews.

Kirsch doesn’t know the difference between a VAERS analysis and a pediatric EHR cohort.

1/ Antivaxxers love this graph.
They claim it “proves vaccines didn’t save lives.”

But it’s one of the most misleading visuals ever shared. Let’s break down why. 👇 2/ 🧩 First trick: it shows deaths, not disease cases.

By the 1940s, better hospitals & antibiotics helped people survive infections.

But nearly every child still caught measles or whooping cough.
#Epidemiology #PublicHealth

1/ Propaganda isn’t just lies shouted loudly.

It’s the systematization of belief.

Joseph Goebbels built that system for Hitler—turning mass communication into a weapon of control.

What he did. How he did it. What it achieved. 2/ Control
Appointed Minister of Public Enlightenment & Propaganda (1933), Goebbels controlled press, film, radio, and culture.

His brief: ensure every word, song, and image served one story—one leader, one nation, one truth.

No Bobby… sanitation didn’t wipe out measles.
Vaccines did.

When vaccination rates drop, diseases return.

When they rise, lives are saved.
🧵 2/ If sanitation alone stopped measles…
why did measles still kill hundreds of thousands of children after clean water and sewage were universal?

Airborne viruses don’t care about plumbing.

1/Disinformation spreads faster than disease. Shot in the Arm follows how fear, fraud, and politics turned vaccines—the greatest lifesaving tool—into a cultural battlefield. This is about science, trust, and the social contract. 2/ Prologue: 1918 flu killed Karen’s great-great-grandmother. In 2020 she realizes the hard truth—denial and fatigue aren’t new. They’re human nature. We repeat the same mistakes unless we learn, together.

1/ 🚨 Fearmongering about “gene therapy” and “DNA alteration” in mRNA vaccines is resurfacing.

Let’s walk through the claims one by one—and what the actual data show.
🧵 2/ 💉 Claim: “mRNA vaccines are gene therapy.”

Fact: Gene therapy alters DNA. mRNA vaccines do not.

They never enter the nucleus and can’t integrate into your genome.

They deliver short-lived instructions that degrade within days.

📚 NEJM 2021; Science 2022

1/ 🚸 “Kids today get 72 vaccine doses!”
Sounds scary—until you realize it’s a talking point, not a fact.

Here’s what antivax influencers don’t tell you about how vaccine schedules and doses are counted.
#VaccinesWork | @IntegralAnswers 2/ What the claim refers to:

That “72” number comes from counting every injection, nasal spray, and booster from birth through age 18 — and even counting combination vaccines (like MMR) as 3 separate doses, not one shot.

It’s creative arithmetic, not medical reality.