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We did a 2nd cohort in Jan. 2021, a 3rd in the summer of 2021 & a fourth was done by my friend @AleMarchevsky at CSULA. Students detailed the toll being essential workers took on them & their families. They wrote about sick family members, crowded housing & untimely death.
An early opponent of US involvement in Vietnam, she supported John Conyers' first, longshot bid for Congress in 1964 because he shared her critique. She took part in mobilizations, worked with antiwar GIs, attended teach-ins, supported marches like the Jeannette Rankin Brigade.
1. Make clear that there "can be no compromise" around police brutality. King understood that the problem of policing in the US was not simply some bad apples. Rather the police and the courts act "as enforcers" in Northern ghettos in a system of "internal colonialism."
Welfare comes into federal practice during the New Deal with the 1935 Social Security Act. The paradox of the New Deal is that it established a social citizenship and a safety net for Americans, changing people's relationship to the federal government —AND widened the racial gap.
King understood his own vulnerability vis-a-vis the police. His first arrest during the Montgomery bus boycott was for driving 5 miles over the speed limit; they didn't give him a ticket but made him get in the police car & drove him around.He thought they were going to kill him.
1. Not the 1st March on Washington organized. In 1941 A. Philip Randolph began organizing to bring 100,000 Black people to protest discrimination in defense industries & army. Fearing international criticism, FDR issues Exec. Order 8802, ending defense industry discrimination.
and bit by bit, amassed the files to expose it. You can’t wait to publish till it’s perfect, he cautioned;the world needs it now. A teacher willing to counsel anyone—scholars, journalists, activists, high school students, people whose politics he hated—on how to research the FBI.
From the beginning of SCLC, King was clear segregation & racial injustice were a national cancer not just a Southern issue.“There is a pressing need for a liberalism in the North that is truly liberal, that believes in integration in his own community as well as..the deep South.”
On February 27, 2013, a bipartisan group of Congressional leaders joined Pres. Obama to dedicate the Rosa Parks statue in the Capitol's Statuary Hall. On that very same day across town, the Supreme Court was hearing arguments in voting rights case Shelby County v Holder.
White supremacy “walks us on a tightrope from birth,” Parks explained, highlighting the “major mental acrobatic feat” it took to survive. She struggled with the pressure to submit. There was “no solution for us who could not easily conform to this oppressive way of life.”
Rosa Parks was not passive or meet or quiet in key moments. In fact, that day when the police came to asked her why she didn't move, she spoke back, "Why do you push us around?" One of the officers was surprised, "I don't know. But the law is the law & you're under arrest."
Rosa Parks is mentored by Ella Baker & Septima Clark. Her sense of agency as a woman activist is nurtured by an NAACP workshop Baker organizes in 1945. Clark leads workshop Parks attends at Highlander in 1955. Parks is awed by Clark's "calm" while she felt "anxious and bitter."
At the age of 19, she married a politically-active barber Raymond Parks-"the first real activist I ever met"-who was organizing to protect & defend the Scottsboro boys from execution. This was dangerous work--she recalled late night meetings with guns on the table for protection.