When was the Qur'an canonized? Was it during Abdul al-Malik or Uthman? A Thread 🧵 | #quran #islam #islamicstudies #history (Part 2)

https://twitter.com/JordanAcademia0/status/1974514421377679382

@IslamicOrigins released a paper which goes over the arguments for & against both Uthmanic canonization, and Abd al-Malik canonization. I would like to go over them, and also add a bit of thoughts. Let's start off with the criticisms of Ḥajjājian Hypothesis ⬇doi.org/10.1515/jiqsa-…

The Arab Conquests are often described as some of the violent wars of their era, but how do they actually compare to other major conflicts of the same period in scale, casualties, and impact? Let’s compare (Part 2/3) 🧵| #islam #history #arabhistory #romanempire #quran #persia

https://twitter.com/JordanAcademia0/status/1980466929606488487

Sources to be used in comparison (all wars in Late Antiquity):
- (1) Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628
- (2) Aksumite invasion of Himyar in 525
- (3) Byzantine–Sasanian War of 572–591

Other wars I would point to as well are the Gothic War (535–554) & the Lombard conquest of Italy of 568.

All Criticisms of this Book (Short Thread / Source-thread)🧵| #bible #christianity #biblicalcriticism

https://twitter.com/julienries13/status/1981351160905658705

The most notable responses include:
- Samuel Byrskog, 'The Eyewitnesses as Interpreters of the Past: Reflections on Richard Bauckham's Jesus and the Eyewitnesses,' JSHJ 6 (2008), pp. 157-168; David Catchpole, 'On Proving Too Much: Critical Hesitations about Richard Bauckham's Jesus and the Eyewitnesses,' JSHJ 6 (2008), pp. 169-181; James D. G. Dunn, 'Eyewitnesses and the Oral Jesus Tradition,' JSHJ 6 (2008), pp. 85-105 (96-105); Craig A. Evans, 'The Implications of Eyewitness Tradition,' JSNT 31 (2008), pp. 211-219; Stephen J. Patterson, 'Can You Trust a Gospel? A Review of Richard Bauckham's Jesus and the Eyewitnesses,' JSHJ 6 (2008), pp. 194-210; Jens Schröter, 'The Gospels as Eyewitness Testimony? A Critical Examination of Richard Bauckham's Jesus and the Eyewitnesses,' JSNT 31 (2008), pp. 195-209; Theodore J. Weeden Sr, 'Polemics as a Case for Dissent: A Response to Richard Bauckham's Jesus and the Eyewitnesses,' JSHJ 6 (2008), pp. 211-224; John N. Collins, 'Re-Thinking ‘Eyewitnesses' in the Light of 'Servants of the Word' (Luke 1: 2),' The Expository Times 121 (2010), pp. 447-452; James G. Crossley, 'Can John's Gospel Really Be Used to Reconstruct a Life of Jesus? An Assessment of Recent Trends and a Defence of a Traditional View,' in Thomas L. Thompson and Thomas S. Verenna (eds.), Is This Not the Carpenter? The Question of the Historicity of the Figure of Jesus (London: Routledge, 2012), pp. 163-184; James G. Crossley, Jesus in an Age of Neoliberalism: Quests, Scholarship and Ideology (London: Routledge, 2012), pp. 144-148; Paul Foster, 'Memory, Orality, and the Fourth Gospel: Three Dead-Ends in Historical Jesus Research,' JSHJ 10 (2012), pp. 191-227 (194-202); Michael J. Thate, Remembrance of Things Past? (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2013), pp. 219-225; Ruth B. Edwards, Discovering John: Content, Interpretation, Reception (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 2014), pp. 179-184; Alan Kirk, 'Ehrman, Bauckham and Bird on Memory and the Jesus Tradition,' JSHJ 15 (2017), pp. 88-114 (101-111); Alan Kirk, Memory and the Jesus Tradition (London: T. & T. Clark, 2018), pp. 52-54; Jeffrey M. Tripp, 'The Eyewitnesses in Their Own Words: Testing Richard Bauckham's Model Using Verifiable Quotations,' JSNT 44 (2022), pp. 411-434. Bart Ehrman, "Jesus Before the Gospels" (2016) also. doi.org/10.1163/174551…

Were the early Arab conquests completely violent, or have centuries of “spread by the sword” narratives distorted history? A Thread 🧵(Part 1/3) | #islam #history #arabhistory #quran #arabhistory Now of course, conquests/war is objectively violent. To summarize about the Arab conqests, the conquests were rather bloody, but not bloodier than any other conquest at the time, and, indeed, the archaeological record shows that the early Muslims did not embark on any large scale destruction of places. It is also hard to say that it is religiously motivated, for reasons I will show in this thread.

The idea that there was widespread genocide is a false myth, as well as large scales of systematic forced conversion.

The next two threads will be talking about other specific claims.

When was the Qur'an canonized? Was it during Abdul al-Malik or Uthman? A Thread 🧵 | #quran #islam (Part 1) There are many debates over the period of time in which the Qur'an was canonized/standardized in. There will likely be multiple parts. I'll be arguing that the Qur'an was canonized during the time of Uthman, in the next part, I will talk about the arguments for the Qur'an being canonized later (during Abd al-Malik) as well as carbon-dating and whether or not they hold up, and the last part I will likely talk about arguments for the Qur'an being canonized even earlier than Uthman.

Does the Qur'an Mistake 'Mary' for 'Miriam'? Why does the Qur'an call 'Mary' the 'Sister of Aaron'? A Thread 🧵| #quran #islam #mary In this thread, I'll explain whether or not the Qur'an mistakes 'Mary' for 'Miriam', the daughter of Amram and Jochebed, and the older sister of Moses and Aaron. I'll also explain why the Qur'an calls 'Mary' the 'Sister of Aaron', which appears in Q19:28.

Does the Qur'an misrepresent the Trinity? Was there a group who believed Mary was God? A Thread 🧵 | #quran #islam There's a few verses that have been interpreted as misrepresentations of Christianity (Q 5:17, 72, 73, 75). Today, I'll explain why they're not misrepresentations but rather a criticism of imperial Byzantine propaganda and evolving Marian veneration.