Share this page!

Enter URL or ID to Unroll

You can paste full URL like: https://x.com/threadreaderapp/status/1644127596119195649
or just the ID like: 1644127596119195649

How to get URL link on X (Twitter) App

  1. On the Twitter thread, click on or icon on the bottom
  2. Click again on or Share Via icon
  3. Click on Copy Link to Tweet
  4. Paste it above and click "Unroll Thread"!
  5. More info at Twitter Help
Lethe scholar Profile picture
Lethe scholar
@Lethescholar
Retrieving from oblivion the antiquities of the old kingdom, where the sun sets and the divine awakens. Personal account: @FCMart1n
Jun 16 • 5 tweets • 3 min read
There is an idea floating about that the name Gallaeci has something to do with Gallus/Galatian.

It hasn't. Gallaeci is the evolution of the original name CALLAECI, which has nothing to do with Gallus/Galatian, and which everyone dealing with ancient times should use… (1/5)🧵➡️ Image
Image Yes, of course you can find plenty of Roman sources mentioning Gallaecia/Gallaeci, alongside Callaecia/Callaeci. So how do we know which is the original?

Well, because *none* of the sources recording Gallaecia/Gallaeci come down to us directly. They are *all* medieval copies… Image
May 4 • 9 tweets • 4 min read
The Basques are overwhelmingly R1b but speak a non-IE language. Same for the Etruscans. And ancient Iberians, and so on. That’s a contradiction?

Not really. Their mitochondrial DNA was overwhelmingly pre-IE. Their autosomal DNA was also more pre-IE. Why should they speak IE?➡️🧵 Image Mothers are usually more important for language transfer than fathers. Pre-IE societies were also usually less patriarchal than Indo-Europeans.

What we know is that IE and pre-IE ancestry blended, and that language transferred unevenly depending on the society. Why?➡️ Image
Feb 25 • 7 tweets • 3 min read
The correct question is:

Why was central Gaul so cohesive?

The polities of central Gaul grew because they were the center of a system. In the final La Tène period, trade flowed through Gaul, and the central polities became richer. Political consolidation followed… Image Elites grew stronger. Towns (oppida) expanded. Political systems solidified, evolving from tribes into nascent republics. Former tribes were subordinated to their hegemons and gradually aggregated into powerful polities.

And then it is the periphery… Image
Apr 2, 2025 • 6 tweets • 3 min read
Not exactly.

1⃣ Celtic influence may be very old in Iberia, linked to the Late Bronze Age incineration cultures. This influence was strong up to the Ebro valley, but it can be observed even in Lusitania and Galicia. Probably much less in Asturias and Cantabria…➡️ Image 2⃣ In the early Iron Age, Celtic groups in Iberia became isolated from mainland Europe. Pre-Celtic substrata re-emerged: pre-Indo-European in the south and east, Pre-Celtic IE in the west. Celts entrenched in the highlands south of the Ebro valley—future Celtiberia…➡️ Image