[1/9] A holistic view of the Ocean heat content in 2023 is provided by looking at in situ, satellite data (CERES, and Geodetic: altimetry minus GRACE) and CMIP6 model simulations, now published in Nature Reviews Earth & Environment @NatRevEarthEnv, doi.org/10.1038/s43017… [2/9] In 2023, OHC reached a record high level; 2023 OHC was 16 ± 10 ZJ higher than in 2022, continuing the long-term increasing trend that started in 1960, consistent with CMIP6-MMM projection (14 [10, 20] ZJ). As in our AAS article doi.org/10.1007/s00376…

[1/12] Now 2023 Ocean Data is out! Global 2023 upper 2000 m ocean heat content was the highest ever recorded by modern instruments, 15 ZJ higher than 2022 for IAP data () with a major update of IAP time series since 1940 () doi.org/10.1007/s00376…
ocean.iap.ac.cn
[2/12] NCEI/NOAA data show a slightly smaller increase in 2023 OHC compared with 2022 (9 ZJ). The difference is mainly due to data quality control and spatial interpolation methods, the raw data are the same (). ncei.noaa.gov/access/global-…

[1/11]A new Review in Nature Reviews Earth & Environment provides new assessments of how much the planet has warmed and what warming we may expect in the coming decades. nature.com/articles/s4301… @MichaelEMann @JanDZika @ProfMattEngland @laurezanna @jfasullo @NatRevEarthEnv [2/11] Ocean warming is a key component of the Earth system, bridging key climate cycles (energy, carbon, and water cycles) through many processes and feedback loops.

[1/9] OHC (0-2000m) hits record high in 2021, again, despite La Niña Conditions! The most recent report, authored by 23 researchers at 14 institutes, was published in Advances in Atmospheric Sciences. doi.org/10.1007/s00376… [2/9] The world ocean, in 2021, was the hottest ever recorded by humans, and the 2021 annual OHC value is even higher than last year's record value by 14 ± 11 ZJ (1 Zetta Joules = 1021 Joules) using the IAP/CAS dataset and by 16 ± 10 ZJ using NCEI/NOAA dataset.

[1/8] 2020 ocean temperature (heat content) are formally released today by both IAP/CAS and NOAA/NCEI, both data show upper 0-20000m ocean heat content hit record high in 2020. With @MichaelEMann @jfasullo etc. link.springer.com/article/10.100… [2/8] Differences between the 2020 OHC analyses between IAP/CAS and NOAA/NCEI reflect the uncertainties in the calculation due to method and data coverage. Further quantification of the uncertainties in OHC will help to better specify the confidence in OHC assessment.

[THREAD 1/9] Please to introduce our new study published in Nature Climate Change: the global ocean has become more stratified and stable since 1960 with global warming: the ocean stratification at upper 2000m has increased by 5.3%. with @MichaelEMann nature.com/articles/s4155… [THREAD 2/9] Sea water generally forms stratified layers with lighter waters near the surface and denser waters at greater depth (warmer waters atop colder ones). This configuration acts as a barrier to mixing that impacts the efficiency of vertical heat, carbon, oxygen exchanges

[THREAD,1/9] Pleased to inform that our paper “Improved estimates of changes in upper ocean salinity and the hydrological cycle.” published. A new ocean salinity product is available and enables a new estimate on water cycle change. doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D… @MichaelEMann @jfasullo [2/9] The new IAP ocean salinity product covers global ocean (0~2000m, 41 levels; 1 deg. spatial resolution, monthly from 1960 to present). The spatial interpolation method is the same to our temperature data, uses the spatio-temporal co-variability of salinity from CMIP5 models.

[THREAD,1/9] Ocean heat content (0-2000m) data from IAP and NOAA/NCEI was just released, NO surprise, 2019 was the warmest year on record for global ocean. Not only that, the past 5/10 years are the warmest 5/10 years! [link.springer.com/article/10.100…] [2/9] OHC is one of the key measure of global warming. Human activities emit greenhouse gases (i.e. CO2) into the air, which taps more and more heat in the climate system. Ocean stores more than 90% of the global warming heat!