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We do, however, possess primary historical evidence in the form of the coinage of King Abhiraka of the Kshaharata lineage. The name Abhiraka literally signifies "belonging to the Ābhīra tribe" and is generally understood as a titular or ethnonymic designation. 
According to historians like D.D. Kosambi and Ram Prasad Chanda, the Varna system wasn't just a rigid wall; it was an absorptive mechanism. When a massive clan like the Takshaks integrated, they didn’t become a single caste—they mapped their entire structure onto the Varna system 
The word "Gopa" is of very ancient origin. It is attested even in the grammatical tradition of Pāṇini. According to his rule, the suffix āya is added to the verbal root gup ("to protect"), producing the form gopāya, meaning "to protect". 