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Shiva Profile picture
Shiva
@ShivanshuMadan
quick with nonsense
3 subscribers
Jan 14 • 11 tweets • 6 min read
Lifecycle of a Solana transaction 🧵

1/11 Image TRANSACTION CREATION

Solana tx begins when a user connects to an app and intends to do a tx on that app.

For e.g. when you click 'Swap' on Jupiter

The app then verifies the user wallet balance and other metadata, and constructs the tx

Each tx includes:

a) Header: indicating which accounts must sign the tx
b) Instructions: the operations that must be performed during this tx
c) Hash of a Recent Block: to prevent stale txs
d) Access List: the accounts being read from or written to

The app then sends the tx to the user, who signs the tx with their private key (via a wallet), and sends it back to the app

2/11Image
Sep 8, 2023 • 10 tweets • 2 min read
The LST debate around limiting the staking cap to <33% has taken over CT recently

But why is the 33% number significant?

Shouldn't it be okay as long as no one holds >50% of the stake?

Let's dive into the fascinating reasons: 🧵 Image Consensus systems depend on an honest majority of nodes to ensure trust

In Ethereum, the magic formula is n >= 3f + 1

where, N = number of nodes
f = malicious nodes

Here's why 👇
May 7, 2023 • 23 tweets • 7 min read
Unpacking the lifecycle of a rollup transaction: 🧵

Now (Centralized Sequencers)
vs.
Future (Modular everything) Image First, Current centralized rollups:

The tx journey begins when you perform an action on a rollup dApp and click "Sign" on your wallet.

The wallet is your interface.

It's how you interact with the blockchain network. Image
Apr 5, 2023 • 19 tweets • 8 min read
The zkEVM wars are raging, but few truly understand them.

Want to join the fray?

Here are the resources that helped me go from 0-to-100 in less than a month: 🧵 Image This thread goes from ELI5 levels to really advanced content.

As such, I've divided it into 3 sections-

• Starter Pack: I want everything ELI5
• Semi-Pro: I have basic knowledge, but want to get advanced
• Pro: I wanna hit level 9999
Mar 28, 2023 • 18 tweets • 7 min read
You've heard of @zksync

But do you know what makes it truly UNIQUE?

Here are 3 features that could unlock mass adoption and bring MILLIONS of new users to crypto. 🧵 For an average Joe to start using crypto, 3 things need to be true.

dApps should be:
• Super easy to use (crypto hides in background)
• Cheap & Fast
• Interoperable - Users should be able to transfer their assets between any 2 dApps (on any chain) easily

zkSync does all 3:
Mar 19, 2023 • 8 tweets • 2 min read
Want to make it in crypto?

Find the next 100x narrative before everyone else.

One such narrative is "Rollups-as-a-Service".

Here's everything you need to know: In this thread I'll cover:

• RaaS 101
• RaaS Ecosystem
• The Major Players

I'll trade you 20+ hrs of research for 5 mins of your time.

Let's dive in!
Mar 10, 2023 • 8 tweets • 3 min read
Weeks like this are a good reminder of why we are in crypto

Instead of relying on opaque entities, we rely on open code & cryptography to define the bounds of financial systems

As an added bonus, it can save us BILLIONS of $$$ in costs!

Here's one example: 🧵

1/8 Traditional lending is a $14 Trillion market globally

Banks borrow money from lenders at X% and lend it to individuals out at Y%

2/8
Mar 2, 2023 • 17 tweets • 8 min read
It's time to CANCEL your cloud subscriptions!

Every year, we pay hundreds of dollars to store our data on cloud services💰💰

Not anymore!

Slowly, but surely.. a revolution is propping up 👀 Our lives are deeply intertwined with the digital world

And at the core of our digital lives, is data

North of 2.5 quintillion bytes of data is created every single day!

Where does all this data go?
Jan 25, 2023 • 16 tweets • 10 min read
Every crypto predictions thread for 2023 has one narrative in common:

Zero-Knowledge Protocols

Your Ultimate 0-to-1 Guide to everything Zero-Knowledge 🧵 This is a mega thread comprised of the following segments:

- Zero Knowledge (ZK) Proofs
- ZK Rollups vs Optimistic Rollups
- The magic behind ZKRs: SNARKs vs STARKs
- Making ZKRs practical: ZK EVMs & their types
- Polygon ZK (@0xPolygonZK)
- Scroll ZK (@Scroll_ZKP)
Jan 18, 2023 • 21 tweets • 10 min read
To find opportunity, you've got to follow the narratives,

Following the narratives will lead you to Scroll📜 (@Scroll_ZKP)

The Ultimate Guide to Scroll: 🧵 This thread will cover the following:

- What is Scroll?

- Why is it important?

- How does the Scroll zkEVM work?

- Who are the Gigabrains building Scroll?

- How to sign-up for 📜 testnet? (Potential Airdrop 🪂)
Dec 23, 2022 • 8 tweets • 4 min read
Exactly one year ago, I wrote my first thread on Twitter

It's been an amazing 12 months of sharing, learning, and growing on Twitter. I'm grateful for each and every one of you who has been a part of this journey with me

A quick recap 🧵 The first thread was a short guide on how to begin in Web3

My own inspiration came from the famous @cdixon - @tferriss podcast
Dec 21, 2022 • 16 tweets • 6 min read
In 2021, Polygon brought together multiple teams to build the holy grail of ZK technology - @0xPolygonZK

One year later, that dream seems to be coming true as their solution marches towards a mainnet launch

Everything you need to know 🧵 @0xPolygonZK is a zkEVM solution being designed to scale the Ethereum blockchain

Specifically, zkEVMs are general-purpose virtual computers that replicate the Ethereum environment in a zk rollup
Dec 19, 2022 • 10 tweets • 3 min read
Current solutions to ZK-Rollups are mostly centralized

Only specific operators can submit tx batches and validity proofs to L1

Polygon zkEVM (@0xPolygonHermez) solves this by using a Proof-of-Efficiency (PoE) model to decentralize the process

Here's how it works 🧵 Image Producing validity proofs for zk rollups requires high computation power

This makes the process centralized as not everyone can afford the high amount of resources

To build an efficient and decentralized rollup network, we need a model that provides:
Dec 1, 2022 • 17 tweets • 5 min read
zkEVMs are the future of Ethereum

They are being developed at a breakneck pace. But not all zkEVMs are created equal!

Your guide to different types of zkEVMs:

1/17 If this is the first time you're hearing the word zkEVM, here's a quick refresher:

2/17
Nov 16, 2022 • 18 tweets • 5 min read
"Not your keys, not your coins"

Everyone knows this. Yet, thousands of people relied on FTX to keep their coins safe. For one simple reason:

Self-Custody is HARD 🧵 If you lose your private keys, you lose all your tokens.

And there's nothing you can do about it!

Millions of dollars have already been lost because of a loss or theft of private keys
Nov 11, 2022 • 19 tweets • 7 min read
Zero-Knowledge Proofs

STARKs vs SNARKs

A ground-up guide🧵 Image STARKs and SNARKs are two genius technologies that use different approaches to achieve the same objective:

Zero-Knowledge Proofs

zk proofs enable one party to prove to another party that they know something without revealing the information itself
Nov 5, 2022 • 14 tweets • 4 min read
Been getting a lot of questions about yield strategies on FRAX

One protocol I've been looking into is TopGear by @BrahmaFi

It's a single-sided vault that allows users to deposit FRAX in exchange for up to 12.25% stETH yield!

A quick 🧵

(NFA) Image Organic yields on-chain are scarce ever since the Terra crash

The situation is even worse in the large TVL pools

Yields on some of the Frax Curve Pools are now below 3% Image
Nov 2, 2022 • 22 tweets • 7 min read
(1/17)

It took me 50+ hours to completely understand zkSNARKs for the first time

Now I can explain it to anyone in 10 minutes

A normie's guide to this monumental technology: (2/17) zkSNARKs have been the talk of the crypto town for the past few months

And they are worth ALL THE HYPE as they can provide:

- privacy on dApps and blockchains
- scalability through zk rollups
- security on layer 1 blockchains like @zcash and @ironfishcrypto
Nov 1, 2022 • 16 tweets • 5 min read
(1/15) A ground-up guide to building zkSNARKS, part 2

Proving something without any interaction with the verifier!

Let's dive right in 👇 (2/15) In the first part of this thread, we used an existing proof system, 'Fiat Shamir Heuristic', and made it more robust by:

- Adding a strong ZERO-KNOWLEDGE property

- Making sure that the prover doesn't cheat!
Oct 31, 2022 • 24 tweets • 6 min read
(1/22) zkSNARKS have been the HOT topic of 2022. But how do they work?

A ground-up guide to building this GENIUS technology (part 1/2) 👇

(Spoiler: you don't need a degree in maths to understand this) Image (2/22) In this first part, we will use previous proof systems and make them stronger

In particular, we will focus on the "Grandfather of zero-knowledge proofs", the Fiat-Shamir Heuristic
Oct 11, 2022 • 14 tweets • 4 min read
There's a war brewing between people & companies over your data

But it turns out that there's a magic weapon that destroys all the risk

Zero-Knowledge Proofs

A technology that proves you're the only one who has your data.

Here's how it works: A zero-knowledge proof (zk proof) is a cryptographic proof that allows someone to prove that they possess specific information without revealing that information Image