ORIGINS OF THE DACIANS AND THRACIANS 🧵

This thread will trace the origins of the Dacian and Thracian people, from the Iron Age through the entire Bronze Age, relying primarily on archaeology supplemented and backed with genetic evidence. I believe it is possible to definitively reconstruct the migration history of the Proto-Daco-Thracians.

This thread is the culmination of over five months of research. This has been a incredibly complex and heavily debated topic, the debate of which I now think can be concluded. We will start with an overview of the archaeogenetics known insofar about these populations:

The Bulgarian or Classical Thracians tend to form a fairly homogenous group that has on average only about 20% Yamnaya admixture, with the rest being ANF, very poor in (if at al with any) European Hunter-Gatherer ancestry. Additional CHG/Iranian admixture is also likely, as was the case for Eastern and Southern Balkans at least since Chalcolithic. The Thracians do have so sightly more Yamnaya autosomal ancestry than the average Mycenaeans.

CHERNYAKOV CULTURE

The Chernyakov Culture represents the Gothic Nations north of the Danube after their Migration out of Scandinavia. From here they launched frequent raids against Rome until the Huns forced them West.

Comissioned by @DytrykJesionek

Full-res in Replies Full res: files.catbox.moe/phgdw7.png

Map of Pre-indo-european languages in Europe. Including Attested languages and Substrates. "European Agricultural Substrate" Refers to the Agricultural terms of Non-indo-european origin in most CWC descended IE languages. These would have come from the Globular Amphora Culture hence the distribution on the map. Its possibly Cuceteni-Trypillia added to this as well.

Genetic proof of TRB, GAC, and Michelsberg being Descended from Cardial groups and Chasseen culture instead of LBK-Danubian cultures

The main genetic difference in Cardial and Michelsberg descended groups (like wartberg) is a increase in HG ancestry and Y-DNA I2 (Chassen & TRB) Prior to the Michelsberg intrusion, it seemed that Grosgartach-Rössen (Post-LBK) already had considerable HG ancestry and Cardial influence in 4900bc making them appear similar to Michelsberg

EUROPE IN 5100 BC.

A complete Archaeological Atlas of Europe in 5100bc. Arguably my most ambitious map ever, it is far from done but im happy with how it looks currently.

I will elaborate on what this colorful mess actually means in the replies🧵 The Balkans, Cradle of the danubian ANFs, is a mosaic of cultures after the end of the Massive Starcevo culture. Vinca is largely its sucessor, with LBK in the north having replaced the Körös and Cris cultures and migrating along the Carpathians back into Danubia.

On the origins of the Bell Beaker Culture

The Bell Beaker are perhaps one of the most enigmatic, misunderstood and heavily debated Cultures of Europe, but in this post i will clear up the confusion and explain just exactly what is going on with this culture. First of all, what are is the Bell Beaker Culture?

Starting 2500bc and ending 2200bc, the Bell Beaker were a massive cultural network spanning the entirety of western and central europe. they brought the eponymous Bell Beaker wherever they went-