It’s #FirstLadyFriday, and today we’re highlighting the life of First Lady Jane Pierce, born in New Hampshire on this day in 1806.

Image: Library of Congress

1/7 Jane Appleton married Franklin Pierce in 1834, though she was uninterested in politics and the spotlight that came with it.

Image: White House Collection/White House Historical Association

2/7

Salvadore Catalano, a Sicilian-born sailor, became an American naval hero as a critical player in a secret mission during the First Barbary War.

A native of Sicily, his composure and knowledge of Tripoli Harbor were essential to the mission.

Image: Library of Congress

1/7 In one of the most courageous actions in American naval history, Catalano piloted the Intrepid for Lieutenant Stephen Decatur’s destruction of the captured USS Philadelphia in Tripoli Harbor in 1804.

Image: U.S. Naval Academy Museum Collection/U.S. Navy Photograph

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This #FirstLadyFriday, we recognize the many women who served as “surrogate” White House hostesses. Typically, first ladies are the wives of presidents, but daughters, nieces, sisters, daughters-in-laws, and friends have stepped into this significant role.

1/6 President Thomas Jefferson, whose wife, Martha, passed away nearly two decades before his inauguration, was the first president to be joined by surrogate hostesses at the White House.

2/6

After his farewell speech at the entrance to the White House on September 7, 1825, an emotional Marquis de Lafayette embraced President John Quincy Adams, signalling the end of his yearlong triumphant return to the United States.

Image: White House Historical Association

1/5 Originally intended as a four-month tour, the general’s visit stretched into a thirteen-month journey to all twenty-four states, and inspired patriotic celebrations and expressions across a young country during the waning days of the “Era of Good Feelings.”

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Vice President John Tyler, a former Democrat from Virginia, ascended to the presidency as a member of the Whig Party following the death of President William Henry Harrison in 1841. (1/6)

Image Credit: Bureau of Engraving and Printing As president, Tyler vetoed a bill to recharter the Second Bank of the United States, along with several bills proposed by fellow Whigs and sponsored by Henry Clay, a prominent Whig member of the U.S. Senate. (2/6)

Image Credit: Library of Congress

Upon moving into the White House, each president redecorates the Oval Office to make it their own. The president’s desk is perhaps the most important piece of furniture chosen for the room. (1/8)

Image Credit: White House Historical Association Many American presidents have elected to use historical White House desks for their workspace. (2/8)

President Franklin D. Roosevelt was an avid collector of stamps, coins, first edition books, and naval art. (1/12) While he is best known for his stamp collecting, President Roosevelt also amassed a collection of over 400 model ships throughout his lifetime and displayed many of them at the White House. (2/12)

Image Credit: Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library & Museum / NARA

The Resolute desk is one of the best-known objects in the White House, having been used by many presidents as their Oval Office desk. A brass plaque on the desk reads: (1/6)

Image Credit: White House Historical Association “The H.M.S. Resolute, forming part of the expedition sent in search of Sir John Franklin in 1852, was abandoned in Latitude 74º 41' N. Longitude 101º 22' W. on 15th May 1854.” (2/6)

Following the British burning of the White House in 1814, the house was reconstructed quickly. When President James Monroe moved into the unfinished White House in October 1817, he was tasked with refurnishing the residence. (1/12) To demonstrate the grandeur and power of the young nation, Monroe sought many elegant pieces including French-made clocks, mirrors, a china dinner service, and perhaps most famously, the fifty-three-piece set of Bellangé furniture for the Oval Room (today’s Blue Room). (2/12)

Pictured below is the portrait of Hayne Hudjihini, or Eagle of Delight, painted by Charles Bird King. (1/6)

Image Credit: White House Historical Association Hudjihini was a member of the Eagle clan of the Jiwere-Nut’achi, or Otoe-Missouria, tribe located in the Great Lakes Region near present-day Nebraska, and the wife of Chief Sumonyeacathee of the Otoe-Missouria Bear clan. (2/6)

Innovation has had a home in the Executive Mansion from its very beginning. So has mythology...

According to journalist Henry Louis (H.L.) Mencken, 1917 marked the 75th anniversary of the invention of the bathtub. (1/10) His work commemorating the occasion, originally published in The New York Evening Post, was titled “A Neglected Anniversary” because no one seemed to bother acknowledging such an important American innovation. (2/10)

Abraham Lincoln maintained an open-door policy throughout his presidency, inviting visitors from all walks of life to meet with him at the White House. (1/5)

Image Credit: Library of Congress In 1864, Sojourner Truth—a former slave, renowned abolitionist, and women’s rights activist—decided to make the long journey from Battle Creek, Michigan, to the nation’s capital to speak to the president. (2/5)

Image Credit: Library of Congress

During her first visit to the United States in 1951, Princess Elizabeth (the future Queen Elizabeth II) presented a late 17th century overmantel to President Truman. (1/7)

Image Credit: Harry S. Truman Library & Museum/Abbie Rowe, National Park Service The overmantel, a still life sitting on top a mirror with a gilded frame, was gifted to President Harry S. Truman on behalf of her father, King George VI. (2/7)

Image Credit: Library of Congress

On December 17, 1914, a solitary American Indian on horseback arrived at the White House after a journey of some 3,000 miles. His name was Red Fox James and he came from the Crow Indian Reservation in Montana. (1/6)

Image Credit: Library of Congress The journey began on March 30. Red Fox James was riding a white pony named Montana that was said to be “the last of a strain of real Indian ponies from a noted outlaw horse known as Tombstone.” (2/6)

Today, the Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial will be publicly unveiled to the world. Situated between the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum and the Department of Education, the site reflects different elements of Eisenhower's legacy as an Army general and as president. (1/11) In honor of the memorial's unveiling, enjoy this gallery of photographs from the Eisenhower White House. (2/11)

President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Selective Training and Service Act, also known as the draft, on September 16, 1940, in the Oval Office. (1/6)

Image Credit: U.S. Department of Defense While the United States previously implemented wartime conscription during the American Revolution, the Civil War, and World War I, the Selective Training and Service Act established the nation’s first peacetime draft. (2/6)

When Thomas Jefferson moved into the President’s House in 1801, he was quick to make many changes and additions to the Executive Mansion. Among them was an ice house, a primitive method of refrigeration. (1/7)

Image: White House Collection During the winter, ice and snow would be cut from rivers and lakes and taken to the ice house, where the blocks were packed with sawdust or straw to act as insulation. This allowed the White House to serve cold dishes throughout the summer. (2/7)

During the early morning hours on September 14, 1901, President William McKinley succumbed to his wounds after being shot by anarchist Leon Czolgosz in Buffalo, New York. (1/7)

Image Credit: Library of Congress Later that afternoon, Vice President Theodore Roosevelt was sworn in as the new Commander in Chief at the Ansley Wilcox home. Only 42 years old, Roosevelt was the youngest person in American history to ascend to the presidency. (2/7)

Image Credit: Library of Congress

On September 9 1893, “bunches of roses from intimate friends poured into the White House… there was a general air of suppressed excitement about the employees of the mansion.”

“Telegrams of congratulations were received from all parts of the country.” (1/9) The occasion?

President Grover Cleveland and First Lady Frances Folsom Cleveland welcomed their second daughter, Esther, into the world. Esther Cleveland was the first (and only) child of a president and first lady to be born in the Executive Mansion. (2/9)

President John Fitzgerald Kennedy was the youngest person ever elected to the White House at age 43. (1/4)

Image: John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum / NARA When the Kennedys moved into the White House in 1961 they brought with them a youthful and energetic spirit. (2/4)

Image Credit: John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum / NARA

#OTD in 1842, The Richmond Enquirer lamented “Again Death has winged a fatal shaft at the Palace of the President.” (1/11) Nearly a year and a half after the sudden death of President William Henry Harrison, First Lady Letitia Christian Tyler became the first first lady to pass away while living at the White House. (2/11)