Share this page!

Enter URL or ID to Unroll

You can paste full URL like: https://x.com/threadreaderapp/status/1644127596119195649
or just the ID like: 1644127596119195649

How to get URL link on X (Twitter) App

  1. On the Twitter thread, click on or icon on the bottom
  2. Click again on or Share Via icon
  3. Click on Copy Link to Tweet
  4. Paste it above and click "Unroll Thread"!
  5. More info at Twitter Help
Zdenek Vrozina Profile picture
Zdenek Vrozina
@ZdenekVrozina
Health Care Consulting
May 28 • 18 tweets • 3 min read
This new study does not matter because IgG transfer is a new concept.
But because it pulls several pieces into one mechanistic chain - Long COVID patient IgG, tissue autoreactivity, Fc-mediated immune function, small fiber damage, pain/fatigue-like pathology, and CNS activation🧵 The authors used several independent methods. Tssue staining, proteome arrays, ELISA, IgG pull-down, mass spectrometry.
They found a broad range of autoantibodies in people with Long COVID.
A striking part of the signal pointed toward the nervous system.
May 28 • 16 tweets • 2 min read
Another study where long COVID does not look like a small residual problem after infection, but like broad chronic illness scattered across everyday medicine.
And that is exactly why the system often fails to see it🧵 The study analyzed data from 58 US hospitals.
The algorithm identified PASC in 16.28% of patients after COVID.
Roughly 1 in 6!
May 25 • 20 tweets • 3 min read
This paper is interesting because it identifies a concrete neurochemical signal in the CNS that connects long COVID/PASC, PEM, fatigue, and reduced physical endurance - lower activity of the central noradrenergic pathway in cerebrospinal fluid🧵 The study asked whether post-infectious ME/CFS and long COVID/PASC show measurable abnormalities in central catecholamine systems - specifically the norepinephrine and dopamine pathways.
The authors looked directly at neurochemical markers.
Not just another symptom description paper.
May 25 • 22 tweets • 4 min read
This new paper may be the most direct evidence so far that the SARS2 protein ORF3a can travel from the lungs to a distant organ through exosomes - in this case, the liver.
This is not a small detail. It may be one mechanism behind systemic COVID🧵 The point is not simply
Is the virus in this organ, yes or no?
The point is more uncomfortable
SARS2 may remain mostly in the respiratory tract, while some of its proteins travel elsewhere - and still affect distant organs.
May 21 • 15 tweets • 2 min read
This may be one of the more important long COVID papers in a while.
A new study in Frontiers in Immunology suggests that COVID can trigger new-onset insulin resistance - and that this may drive abnormal NETosis in neutrophils months after infection🧵 NETosis is the process where neutrophils release web like structures made of DNA, histones, enzymes.
Normally, this helps trap pathogens.
But when excessive, NETs can -
damage the endothelium
trigger microclots!
amplify inflammation
activate coagulation.
Exactly the kind of pathology seen in COVID.
May 21 • 15 tweets • 3 min read
Important new study. ME/CFS and Long COVID are not the same thing.
Yes, they can look very similar from the outside - crushing fatigue, PEM, brain fog, dysautonomia.
But when researchers looked deeper into the immune system, the biology looked different🧵 The study compared
103 people with ME/CFS
63 people with Long COVID
41 healthy controls
They used detailed immune profiling of blood cells - especially monocytes, dendritic cells, and T-cell subsets.
May 20 • 18 tweets • 3 min read
Some children with Long COVID seem to fall into the same trap as adults - and medicine still doesn’t really know how to get them out.🧵 The UK CLoCk study followed young people who had already been living with post-COVID symptoms for two years. Another 1.5 years later, most of those who responded still met the definition of post-COVID condition.
May 20 • 13 tweets • 3 min read
A new study in Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health reports measurable white matter changes in people with neurological long COVID.
Symptoms had persisted for an average of 2.7 years after infection - almost three years. That points to a long-term neurobiological process in the CNS🧵 The study included 80 participants.
54 with neurological PASC and 26 controls.
Using diffusion MRI, the authors found abnormalities mainly in the fornix and forceps minor - pathways involved in memory, limbic circuits, and frontal connectivity.
May 19 • 13 tweets • 2 min read
A new population-based study from Japan on Long COVID is out - the Yao COVID-19 Study.
After quite a long gap, we finally have another useful community prevalence study - and importantly, it can distinguish Alpha/Delta from Omicron🧵 The study followed 2,314 adults after COVID-19 and compared them with 1,314 uninfected controls.
Post-COVID condition was defined broadly in line with WHO criteria. Symptoms lasting at least 2 months and present 3 months after infection.
May 19 • 10 tweets • 2 min read
During the pandemic, physician @leanhealth reported something important.
COVID patients who slept next to bedside air filters often seemed to have milder disease - possibly because they were not re-inhaling virus-laden air for eight hours every night🧵 A new hypothesis paper now points in the same direction using CT data. Cleaner air may not only reduce transmission. It may also reduce how deeply SARS-CoV-2 affects the lungs.
May 18 • 13 tweets • 2 min read
A population-based study raises a concerning possibility - after COVID-19, the risk curves for newly detected diabetes may continue to drift apart over time🧵 The cohort included 248,176 adults without prior diabetes
124,150 SARS-CoV-2 positive and 124,026 test-negative controls.
May 16 • 20 tweets • 4 min read
We are still trying to place Long COVID into a biologically coherent framework.
This study is interesting because immune activation, antiviral signaling, metabolism, mitochondria, cell survival do not appear as separate findings - but as parts of one connected system🧵 A possible axis is this
something keeps innate immunity on alert - immune cells produce inflammatory signals - their metabolism shifts - mitochondria come under stress - stressed mitochondria can further amplify immune activation.
That is a loop, not a list.
May 16 • 17 tweets • 2 min read
Even in the Omicron era, SARS-CoV-2 was linked to a several-fold increase in serious thromboembolic and cardiovascular events - and that risk persisted for months after infection🧵 A new European preprint cohort study looked at ~780,000 people with COVID-19 and 7.6 million pre-pandemic controls across three health databases in the UK, the Netherlands and Spain.
May 15 • 19 tweets • 3 min read
A new narrative review by Kell, Zhao & Pretorius looks at Long COVID through the lens of microcirculation. The idea that persistent fibrinaloid microclots may contribute to impaired blood flow in the smallest vessels.🧵 This is not a systematic review or meta-analysis. It is better read as a broad mechanistic argument. A way to connect existing findings on inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, coagulation, fibrinolysis and Long COVID symptoms.
May 14 • 17 tweets • 2 min read
A new warning study that deserves attention.
SARS-CoV-2 leaves a long-term endothelial and metabolic footprint in the blood months after infection - even in people without obvious Long COVID symptoms.
And that matters🧵 Researchers followed 262 adults in Germany and measured blood biomarkers about 37 weeks after infection - roughly 9 months later.
May 13 • 7 tweets • 1 min read
A new long COVID study found that standard autoimmune blood tests often looked normal. But when researchers tested patients blood directly against heart and blood vessel tissue, they found persistent immune reactivity - especially involving vascular tissue.🧵 The study found tissue-specific autoreactivity in many long COVID patients - especially against vascular tissue - while standard ANA screening often looked normal.
May 12 • 19 tweets • 3 min read
SARS-CoV-2/spike RBD may act as a potential modifier of glioma progression in biologically susceptible cells. An interesting mechanistic study that raises a warning signal.🧵 Methods first.
This study combines single-cell RNA, bulk RNA-seq, spatial transcriptomics, survival analysis, pathway/enrichment analysis, and in vitro experiments on primary glioblastoma cells.
May 11 • 16 tweets • 3 min read
COVID-19 and the heart. A new narrative synthesis of 71 studies suggests that long-term cardiovascular effects are not limited to people who were hospitalised.
The risk is clearly highest after severe acute disease - but measurable abnormalities have also been reported after mild infections🧵 This is not a meta-analysis.
The authors did not calculate one pooled prevalence estimate because the studies were too uneven. Different LC definitions, different follow-up, tests, different populations, and often poor separation between hospitalised and non hospitalised groups.
May 8 • 21 tweets • 3 min read
A new study in Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine looked at a very important question.
Can a history of COVID-19 be linked to impaired coronary blood flow, even when the main coronary arteries look normal?🧵 The authors included 190 patients with unstable angina and normal coronary arteries.
Half of them had a confirmed history of COVID-19.
The other half did not.
The key difference between the two groups was previous COVID infection.
May 7 • 16 tweets • 3 min read
Why do some people develop life-threatening viral disease, while others clear the same virus with only mild symptoms?
One answer is becoming clearer.
In some people, the first line of antiviral defense is already weakened before the virus arrives🧵 That first line is type I interferon.
Type I - especially IFN-α and IFN-ω - act like an early alarm system. When a virus enters the body, they help cells switch into an antiviral state before the infection spreads too far.
May 5 • 23 tweets • 4 min read
A new JAMA Neurology meta analysis on pure autonomic failure (PAF) is highly relevant to the broader discussion around POTS, long COVID dysautonomia, and early neurodegeneration.
Not because PAF is the same as POTS.
It is not. But…🧵@DavidJoffe64 It is important because it shows what can be learned when an autonomic syndrome is carefully defined and followed over time.