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Their claim is that “greening” our energy infrastructure would require increasing critical minerals and metals (e.g. Cu, Li, Co, Ni) extraction from 7 million tons a year today to 28 million by 2040. But this rise would be compensated for by much reduced fossil fuel demand.

In this light, I increasingly wonder whether we Global South scholars are helping legitimize Western institutions and their “superiority” (consider the impression that world university rankings give, for example) by participating in them.
As we’d expect, she is trying to reassure her readers that the large-scale renewable energy transition she advocates for will need less mining than fossil fuels, even after adjusting for the amount of rock that needs to be processed to obtain metals & minerals.
The authors want to inform a reduction of our materials & energy consumption while meeting people’s needs globally.
At the same time we have lost our political agency under the neoliberal capitalist system, including in electoral democracies.
How much of the public understands that the root cause of ecological overshoot is the modern industrial capitalist organization of our societies which regards economic growth as prosperity?
https://twitter.com/dwallacewells/status/1786208592737005772
... underpinned by geopolitical & class power imbalances.