Anne Kelso (AK), CEO NHMRC: What was the problem that we were trying to solve with this new system? Rising application numbers, rising costs of research, no extra money, falling success rates, falling morale, conservative research, more applications, poor research outcomes. AK: Our approach->Expert advisory group comprised of 14 researchers across the country. Consultation with peak bodies and submissions from researchers. Carried out from 2015 to ministerial announcement of new schemes in 2017.