Daniel Gewolb, MD Profile picture
Neuroradiologist @UMiamiHealth l Former Neurorad fellow @PennRadiology l SGU ’18 l Educational Cases #RadRes #Neurorad #RadEd
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Jul 19 6 tweets 3 min read
🔷What is the most likely diagnosis and clinical syndrome in this patient with left ear pain, cranial nerve 6 palsy, and retro-orbital pain? 🧠 🤔

#Neurology #ent #neurosurgery #radres #NeuroTwitter #futureradres #MRI #Medicine @ASHNRSociety @RSNA #Ophthalmology Image
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⭐️ Answer: petrous apicitis complicated by brainstem abscess

🔷Petrous apicitis can display the clinical triad of Gradenigo’s syndrome

1️⃣Otorrhea
2️⃣Cranial nerve 6 palsy
3️⃣Pain in distribution of trigeminal nerve
Jul 4 7 tweets 3 min read
⭐️ What is the most likely diagnosis in this pregnant patient presenting with seizures? 🧠

#Neurology #medicine #radres #futureradres #Neurosurgery #MRI #FOAMed Image
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⭐️ Answer: Cortical vein thrombosis (CVT)

▶️CVT causes retrograde venous pressure leading to focal vasogenic edema

▶️Increased back pressure is characterized by dilated veins and petechial hemorrhage which can progress to large hematomas and ischemic neurological damage
Jun 22 5 tweets 3 min read
🔷What is the most likely diagnosis in this 70 y/o F who lives with feral cats presenting w/ vomiting, diarrhea, leukocytosis, fever for 3 days and progressive decline in level of consciousness?

🔷CSF: initially normal, repeat a few days later ⬆️ WBC (lymphocyte predominant), ⬆️ Protein, normal glucoseImage
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⭐️ Answer: Viral encephalitis (Specifically Rabies)

🔷 South Central Asia and Southeast Asia appear to have the greatest number of cases

🔷Dogs are the most common reservoir 🐶 (bats in developed countries🦇)
Jun 19 6 tweets 3 min read
🔷35 y/o F w/ history of Li Fraumeni syndrome presents w/ intermittent left sided weakness and pain. The feeling is of heaviness, difficulty w/ grip, dropping objects and frequent falls. Episodes last for weeks to months. What is your diagnosis? 🧠

🎉Congrats to all the rad fellow matches today!!! 🍾

#Neurology #MRI #MedEd #medicine #neurosurgery #radres #futureradres #FOAMed @TheASNRImage
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⭐️ Answer: Tumefactive demyelination (MS in this case)

🔷Imaging in this case is specific enough to diagnosis with confidence but we need extra caution in patients with genetic predisposition to malignancy

💡 In cases where imaging or clinical picture are atypical or discordant for demyelination (especially if there is a genetic disorder), it is best to refer to neurology for proper work up, possible trial of steroids and short imaging follow up
Apr 26 7 tweets 3 min read
⭐️ What is the most likely diagnosis in this 45 y/o M found down with history of polysubstance abuse?

#Neurology #Medicine #radres #Neurosurgery #futureradres #radres #FOAMed #MRI @AlbanyMedRadRes @TheASNR Image ⭐️ Answer: Opioid-associated amnestic syndrome

🔷Toxicology was + for fentanyl and no other parts of the brain were affected on MRI

🔷Pathophys: Unclear, possibly neuronal hyper metabolism and/or ischemic component
Mar 19 7 tweets 5 min read
⭐️ 30 y/o presents w/ R sided weakness & fall. Pt had a recent admission ~4 months ago for headache, AMS, seizure & diplopia. Clinically stable until now.

🔷LP 4 months ago: protein >600
🔷Comparison in 🧵

What is your diagnosis?

#medicine #MedEd #radres #futureradres #Neurology #Neurosurgery #FOAMed @TheASNRImage
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🔷Comparison from ~4 months ago 👇 Image
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Feb 12 23 tweets 11 min read
⭐️ Venous variants and abnormalities are the most common causes of pulsatile tinnitus

Differential and learning points in 🧵

#ENT #neurosurgery #Neurology #Medicine #MedEd #radres #futureradres @ASHNRSociety Image
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🔷Ddx for venous causes of PT:

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Sigmoid plate dehiscence +/- diverticulum
Transverse sinus stenosis (w/ or w/o IIH)
Jugular bulb abnormalities
Dilated emissary veins
Extracranial IJ compression
Prominent occipital sinus
Occipital sinus stenosis
Dec 10, 2024 4 tweets 2 min read
Back from Belize! 🇧🇿

🔷What is the most likely diagnosis in this 25 y/o F w/ a band-like scalp lesion and local alopecia?

#Medicine #radres #futureradres #ENT #Rheum #Neurology #neurosurgery #Ophthalmology #FOAMed Image
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Answer: Linear Scleroderma aka Scleroderma en coup de sabre

🔷Linear scleroderma is a focal form of scleroderma resulting in atrophy and alopecia of the frontal or frontoparietal scalp

🔷Atrophy involves the subjacent skull +/- underlying brain parenchyma (as seen in this case)
Nov 27, 2024 7 tweets 3 min read
⭐️ What is the most likely diagnosis in this asymptomatic patient? What would your recommendation be if any?

#ENT @ASHNRSociety #Medicine #radres #futureradres #Neurology #Neurosurgery #ophthalmology #FOAMed Image
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Answer: Benign-appearing notochordal lesion (formally ecchordosis physaliphora, EP)

💡 If no remote priors for comparison, recommend 6 month follow up which can be extended if unchanged at that time
Nov 24, 2024 7 tweets 3 min read
⭐️What is the most likely diagnosis in this 40 y/o M presenting w/ 10 days of L neck/throat/ear pain, worsened by neck palpation and head turning?

🔷PMH: None
🔷ESR/CRP: Mildly ⬆️

#Medicine #Neurology #neurosurgery #ENT #radres #futureradres #FOAMed @ASHNRSociety Image
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⭐️ Answer: Transient Perivascular Inflammation of the Carotid Artery (Carotidynia or Fay syndrome)
Nov 22, 2024 12 tweets 5 min read
What is the most likely diagnosis in this 30 y/o M presenting with seizures, fever & headache?

🔷CSF x2:
Worsening neutrophilic pleocytosis despite Abx
Negative infectious studies
No malignancy on cyto/flow
OCBs +

🔷CT CAP: normal
#neurology #medicine #radres @AlbanyMedRadRes Image
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Additional image 👇
#futureradres #Neurosurgery #FOAMed Image
Nov 19, 2024 8 tweets 4 min read
⭐️ Classic case: 45 y/o Female presents w/ intermittent R pulsatile tinnitus for 1-2 years, what’s the most likely diagnosis?

#meded #medicine #ENT #Neurology #radres #futureradres #neurosurgery @ASHNRSociety Image
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Answer: Glomus Tympanicum Paraganglioma

🔷PATHOLOGY: Benign tumor arising from glomus bodies along the inferior tympanic nerve (Jacobson nerve)
Nov 15, 2024 11 tweets 6 min read
60 y/o F presents w/ several months of confusion, word finding difficulty & gait dysfunction

🔷What is your best guess and differential?

🔷More images in 🧵
#MedEd #radiology #Neurology #radres #neurosurgery #medicine #ENT #Ophthalmology #futureradres Image
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Oct 10, 2024 7 tweets 5 min read
55 y/o F w/ no significant PMH presents with headache and bump on the head. What’s the most likely diagnosis? 🤔 🧠

More images in 🧵

#Neurology #neurosurgery #meded #radres #futureradres #Medicine @AlbanyMedRadRes @TheASNR #ENT #FOAMed Image
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Sep 14, 2024 6 tweets 3 min read
What is the most likely diagnosis in this 55 y/o F presenting w/ 2 years of progressive gait instability, mild dysarthria, bilateral dysmetria, & mild left bradykinesia? 🧠

#MedEd #neurology #radres #futureradres #medicine #Neurosurgery #FOAMed @AlbanyMedRadRes @PennRadiology Image
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Answer: Multiple System Atrophy Cerebellar Type (MSA-C)

🔷MSA is an adult onset sporadic neurodegenerative disease presenting w/ motor and autonomic symptoms
Aug 31, 2024 10 tweets 6 min read
Difficult case, let’s run this together. 70 y/o M w/ Hx of HTN presents with acute confusion, dysarthria and facial droop

Images in 🧵

#Neurology #neurosurgery #MedEd #medicine #radres #ENT #futureradres


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🔷First thing we notice is hemorrhage in the left basal ganglia

🔷Classically, hemorrhage in the basal ganglia in an adult with hypertension we think of hypertensive hemorrhage but the morphology does not match here Image
Jul 16, 2024 5 tweets 3 min read
What is the finding in this 55 y/o asymptomatic patient? Any associations? 🤔

#MedEd #medicine #neurology #neurosurgery #ENT #FOAMed #futureradres #radres Image
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Answer: Hypothalamic adhesion

🔷This finding is incidental in most patients though the neuroradiologist should look for subtle midline and other associated abnormalities particularly in children

🔷Reported associations:
Gray matter heterotopia
Midline anomalies Image
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Jun 4, 2024 5 tweets 2 min read
What is the most likely diagnosis in this 20 y/o M presenting w/ seizure, weakness, AKI & hypertension?

CT in 🧵

#meded #neurology #neurosurgery #FOAMed #neurorad #ENT @AlbanyMedRadRes #medicine


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CT 👇 Image
May 8, 2024 8 tweets 4 min read
Distinguishing between pathologic & compression fractures can be difficult

Here are some tips to help in 🧵

#Neurosurgery #MedEd #medicine #neurology #radres #futureradres


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🔷Some findings more suggestive of pathologic fracture:

1️⃣Other spinal mets Image
Mar 23, 2024 20 tweets 9 min read
Neuroimaging checklist for the patient with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) 🧠 ✅

Credit to the excellent talk on the @TheASNR fellowship curriculum given by @EMiddlebrooksMD for inspiration on this topic

#MedEd #medicine #radres #Neurology #Neurosurgery #futureradres


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1.Encephalomalacia (usually from old infarct, trauma, etc.)
2.Mesial Temporal Sclerosis
3.Sphenoid encephaloceles
4.Prominent arachnoid pits (may be encephalocele precursors)
5.Temporal lobe epilepsy with Amygdala enlargement
6.Focal Cortical Dysplasia
Feb 2, 2024 14 tweets 5 min read
What is the most likely diagnosis in this 70 y/o w/ history of pontine infarct ~8 months ago now presenting with worsening ataxia and dysmetria?

#MedEd #radres #Neurology #neurosurgery #futureradres #Radiology


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Answer (probable): Wallerian degeneration of the pontocerebellar fibers

🔷I only have 1 time point w/o follow up nor images of the pontine infarct. This patient also had cirrhosis. It is possible that the tracts have degenerated due to hepatic encephalopathy or other process