Ergothioneine from mushrooms increases muscle size & endurance in rats by raising NAD levels

So, what is ergothioneine and where is it found?
@Cell_Metabolism dlvr.it/THVRKK Ergothioneine (ET) is a sulfur-containing amino acid, discovered over 100 years ago. Humans and animals can’t make it—we rely entirely on diet to obtain it. The yellow ball is the sulfur

The body's self-cleaning mechanism that recycles old proteins requires spermidine, a remarkable molecule that prevents hair loss in mice and extends the lifespan of every species tested

So what is spermidine and does it work in humans? 🧵 Spermidine was discovered in 1678 by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, the Father of Microbiology, in his own semen - hence the name. Actually, spermidine is found in all species, even fungi and plants🪴

Congrats 👏

Here’s what diseases activation of NAD-dependent SIRT3 might prevent or treat - and how to activate it…

https://twitter.com/dr_singularity/status/1881041189224235011

I’m unaware of a study where SIRT3 activation extends rodent lifespan but it is known to protect cells and mice from:
1.Oxidative stress
2.Mitochondrial dysfunction
3.Metabolic disorders
4.DNA damage/senescence
5.Programmed cell death

A 50-year-long study of twins finds exercise may not be as important for longevity as we think

A thread...🧵 It's almost heretical to say it but this study questions whether excessive exercise is a good thing and if it's even worth it. Let's look at the data...

You are what you eat—but not for the reasons you might think🧬 Here’s how your diet influences your genes... 🧵 In bacteria, whether a gene is switched on or off is affected by the fluctuating environment. Complex organisms like us are too, but we regulate our DNA in much more complex ways, adding and subtracting chemicals from chromosomes to control genes...

The largest and longest clinical trial comparing the effects of lifestyle changes vs. medicines on glucose control, inflammation, blood pressure & cholesterol over 24 weeks. The lifestyle changes won - hands down

Here's what they found...
tinyurl.com/yjev6dbt The clinical trial was conducted in the Marshall Islands, which has the seventh-highest diabetes prevalence globally. There were 169 participants...

What are epigenetic clocks and are they in fact useful?
A thread 🧵 One of the most profound biological insights of the past few decades has been the demonstration that various forms of biological age are quantifiable

Thanks @EricTopol🙏The truefood.tech database of 50K ultraprocessed foods is what we need. It's fascinating & scary what's sold at Walmart, Target & WholeFoods

Results in the paper are worth sharing👇 x.com/EricTopol/stat… Title page

New paper: Activation of SIRT1 by SRT1720 improves survival, lowers blood glucose & protects the liver of diabetic rats🐀

So where did sirtuin activators come from and what do they do? A thread...🧵 Sirtuins (named after the "SIR2" gene) were first discovered in yeast in 1979 by Amar Klar & Jasper Rine, & linked to yeast longevity in 1994 by Brian Kennedy & Lenny Guarente...

A new study indicates strawberries reduce blood vessel inflammation by decreasing harmful Coprobacillus gut bacteria and boosting beneficial Lachnospiraceae

What other foods increase Lachnospiraceae gut bacteria? 🧵 tinyurl.com/4max8s8j Did you know Lachnospiraceae ferment dietary fiber to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) like butyrate, propionate, and acetate...

Found interesting data on NMN’s effects on skin, hidden in a paper about a molecule found in broccoli 🥦 Some surprising results… 🧵 The paper makes no mention of NMN in the title or abstract, so I was surprised to see NMN studied so extensively…

New study find that the elimination of defective immune stem cells (HSCs) alleviates aging in mice & transplantation of healthy HSCs into old animals extends their lifespan. Breakdown & implications below...🧵😯 The authors report that a glycoprotein on the surface of hematopoetic stem cells (HSCs) called CD150 can be used to distinguish young from old/defective HSCs...

Evidence that jumping genes called retrotransposons deplete stem cells and cause hair loss, which is preventable… 🧵 The researchers deleted a gene in mice called SETDB1, which is required to silence retrotransposons that are integrated into the genome. (Here’s a link to the paper)... tinyurl.com/2deyn7ek

Big news: Rare back-to-back studies @Nature provide evidence a bile acid called LCA mediates the health & age slowing benefits of low-calorie diets, and may be the elusive endogenous SIRT1 activator that resveratrol mimics. Details below 🧵
tinyurl.com/55dxb859 The 1st paper by Qu et al. shows lithocholic acid (LCA) alone can recapitulate the effects of calorie restriction (CR) in mice, including AMPK activation, muscle regeneration & increased grip strength and running capacity. LCA also increases health and lifespan in nematode worms and flies...

A new review is out on the pre-clinical & clinical trials of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and nicotinamide riboside (NR)

First, some background on these molecules...🧵

iadns.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/… btw, there is no scientific reason for the "vs" in the figure above 😖

Humanity is headed off a cliff as infertility becomes the 3rd most common disease of the 21st century, according to @WHO. Why infertility is increasing at such a pace is unclear

A new study may shed light. Microplastics are shown to cause abnormalities in the mobility & structure of sperm🐁 & reduce mitochondria in nurse cells by inhibiting SIRT1-PGC-1a ...
sciencedirect.com/science/articl… 20% of couples struggle with infertility (50-60% are male issues). By 2100, 97% of countries will be unable to maintain their population

"The implications are immense...These future trends in fertility rates and livebirths will completely reconfigure the global economy and the international balance of power and will necessitate reorganising societies."
healthdata.org/news-events/ne…

Effect of longevity interventions on epigenetic clocks:

Strongest:
1. Arthritis therapy/anti-TNFa
2. Metformin
3. HBOT
4. AC-11
5. Bypass
6. Ketamine
7. Vegan/Mediterranean

No effect:
1. Rapamycin
2. Omegas
3. Exercise
4. Vitamin B
5. CR/IF
6. Ozempic
7. Follistatin
More ⬇️ DNA methylation (DNAme) age reductions. Red asterisks represent statistical significance
* P<0.05; ** 0.01; *** 0.001

Luteolin is a molecule found in cannabis & some vegetables. New study says it may bind to the NAD-dependent SIRT1 enzyme to activate protein recycling, thereby protecting rats from arterial calcification🫀


But is luteolin safe in humans? … 🧵 tinyurl.com/2an7vfcd Luteolin, a polyphenols, is found in small quantities in many plants and plant products we eat, such as mint, tomatoes, celery, broccoli, artichoke, oranges, parsley, thyme, rosemary and even honey…

Exciting! Belmonte lab reports OSK-reprogramming of old (p16+) cells increases wound healing & the lifespan of mice without causing cancer. Bodes well for human trials @lifebiosciences beginning next year 🚀🧵 tinyurl.com/249f3tpm
The Belmonte lab has been a leader in the reprogramming field since they showed OSKM could improve health and extend the lifespan of a prematurely aging LMNA mouse strain. Here they reprogram senescent cells of these and normal mice and show it safely extends lifespan 🐁 Amazing…

Restricting calories by 12% significantly slows the rate of human aging 🥗⏰ 🧵 nature.com/articles/s4358…
A custom DNA methylation lock was created to measure the biological aging of CALERIE trial subjects

Leonard Hayflick, the scientist who discovered the cellular replication limit and a pioneer in aging research, has died. I remember him fondly as a kind man who faced much criticism for his radical ideas about aging… 🧵 Dr. Hayflick discovered the Hayflick limit: that normal human cells have a finite number of divisions before they stop. This challenged the then-prevailing belief that cells could divide indefinitely