Muscle acidosis is real and it decreases performance significantly. However, Lactate is NOTthe reason for muscle acidosis.
Free thread depicting the role of lactate during hgh intensity exercise: 🧵😉 👇 During high-intensity exercise, skeletal muscle experiences a significant increase in protons (H⁺) concentration, leading to a decrease in intracellular pH and therefore increasing skeletal muscle acidosis. These protons come mainly from:

🧵Thread: They role of Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in cancer🧵

Some thoughts I tried to put together...

1) Although in 1923 Otto Warburg already suggested that mitochondrial function was key for cancer development. In the last decade, the Warburg effect has finally re-emerged in a very strong manner after being buried for many decades. Nowadays, it is a mainstream concept... 2) While it is great that finally the Warburg Effect is viewed by the scientific community as a key piece of the cancer puzzle, it has brought some significant misunderstanding and misinformation to the general population. Such as intellectually cheap and lazy concepts like “sugar causes cancer” (a very wrong way to understand the Warburg Effect) or that Cancer is purely a Metabolic Disease.

1/5 Our most recent study just upladed to bioRxiv for free download.
"Metabolic and Cellular Differences Between Sedentary and Active Individuals at Rest and During Exercise".
biorxiv.org/content/10.110… 2/5 Our study investigates the metabolic and muscle bioenergetics underpinning the apparent health of sedentary individuals, considering the significant prevalence of non-communicable diseases associated with physical inactivity.

1/9 The field of nutrition in oncology has become quite controversial in the last years. Mainly, because of misconceptions regarding cancer metabolism around the Warburg Effect...
thelancet.com/journals/lanon… 2/9 The Warburg Effect is finally "mainstream" in oncology research but also a cause of misconceptions out there... The article is an interesting one about this controversy. In my opinion, in general, the article is well presented and I agree with most of it.

A thread on how IMHO bicarbonate doesn’t work to “decrease” lactate from muscles
First of all, bicarbonate is one of the oldest supplements out there. It has been used for decades for this purpose. Like many supplements that don’t work, they tend to resurface 20-30 years later… Blood pH is 7.35-7.45 and one of the most sacred homeostatic states for human body. 3 main elements “threaten” blood pH: CO2, electrolyte concentrations and weak acid concentrations. During high intensity exercise and pathological stress, these elements are threats to blood pH.

Effects of 5 weeks of plant-based diet on lipid profile. N=1, myself 😉
Thread here 👇 Ever since I stopped racing competitively, my lipid profile has been in the high end as have a genetic load. In general, I eat healthy w/ Mediterranean diet although “Americanized” with higher amount of cheese and eggs and less legumes than when I ate growing up in Spain.

@nntaleb @PeterAttiaMD @AndreuOrell @BobbySchuller Hello Nassim,
By no means I’m a mathematician. However, algorithms cannot always explain and predict human physiology & cellular metabolism.
I recently posted this thread on fat oxidation & lactate metabolism which may help you understand your “asymptote” doubt. Thread here👇 @nntaleb @PeterAttiaMD @AndreuOrell @BobbySchuller 1/6 Chatecholamines, glycolysis and lactate play major roles in regulation of fatty acid metabolism. Catecholamines ⬆️ lipolysis at low and moderate ex intensities as FA are oxidized in mitochondria of slow-twitch muscle fibers (preferentially) which are the main ones recruited.

Our latest study just published!. Very proud of this one as we have demonstrated autocrine effects of chronic lactate exposure in cells including ⬇️ fatty acid transport, mitochondrial respiration, ATP production, ⬆️ in ROS and remodeling of Cardiolipin 👇 frontiersin.org/articles/10.33… It was known for years about the endocrine effects of lactate by ⬇️ lipolysis via activation of GRP81 in adipocytes. Now we’ve discovered the autocrine effects of chronic exposure of lactate in fatty acid mitochondrial transport by ⬇️ CPT1/2. Further studies needed in humans now.

The first studies with animals regarding Omicron’s pathogenicity are starting to emerge. Opening a thread here with a summary of the study by Sato’s lab @SystemsVirology from Japan. This is the pre-print study drive.google.com/file/d/1rhCazF…. The summary in this thread Omicron is significantly more contagious compared to Delta and the original virus. Between 3-6fold. However it seems that Omicron is less pathogenic than any other variant including the original one.

Dear Twitter friends,
I just want to alert you on something that may be an inflexion point in our children’s lives.
The more I continue doing research in the mechanisms behind the pathogenesis of T2 Diabetes (T2D) the more we see the relationship w/ mechanisms behind Alzheimer’s I have been quietly saying this for a few years (like some others around the world). After speaking today with a very highly respected & reputed colleague of mine who also works in my field, she agreed 100% as well and this is why I dare to post this.

Maybe a disruptive thread on the association between Type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer’s. This association is becoming stronger as new insights in brain metabolism are revealed.
Mitochondrial dysfunction & insulin resistance are clear features in AD which are same features of T2D. Thus, terms like Type 3 diabetes, brain diabetes or even end-stage diabetes are becoming more popular.

Up until now the amyloid plaque has been the target but 100% of all drugs have failed mainly because we still don’t know the exact mechanisims behind the pathogenesis of AD.

1. Many have asked me these days about mitochondrial function, bioenergetics and metabolic flexibility and the science behind measuring it. I just want to open a short thread on how we are getting to understand this field in deeper detail for its applications in health & disease 2. Through muscle biopsies we can directly inject multiple substrates (pyruvate, fatty acids, glutamine and lactate) into muscle mitochondria. This way we can observe the substrate utilization, mitochondrial respiration and metabolic flexibility among subjects.

1/6 Some possible scary numbers in the US regarding Covid19 if it becomes pandemic.
It would be similar to the regular flu but flu has a mortality rate of ~0.1% and Covid19 ~2-4%. Depending on the virulence of flu virus, each season between 3-10% of US population is infected... 2/6 So with a mortality rate of ~0.1%, about 12-60,000 Americans die of flu every year. W/ a mortality of 2-4%, Covid19 could kill ~180,000-1,800,000 if pandemic. However most of these deaths would be elderly & people with cardiorespiratory problems & secondary diseases like T2D

2 major issues with this study:
#1 The ultrasound scale used is 3-4 years old (like the study) & was a beta version that never worked. It is not the scale we used in our original & Neiman’s validation. Thus, the study was doomed from the beginning.

https://twitter.com/MSSEonline/status/1189886054758830082

Engineers of the company, for marketing purposes, decided to re-invent the scale (which I never understood why & what it meant) and that scale was the one used in this study which also never worked with athletes (often, glycogen even increased after exercise which is crazy!)