Fusaka is the new Ethereum L1 upgrade officially scheduled for the 3rd of December 2025, 21:49:11 UTC time.

But how does it affect Ethereum? What are the changes being made to Mainnet? Let's find out in today's Fusaka thread!

1/50 Fusaka, like any other upgrade, consists of various EIPs, which are smaller protocol changes. We will be going through each one from coolest to less cool (completely subjective ordering!)

2/50

Ethereum is the greatest network, securing billions of dollars in DeFi TVL every day. But how does it actually achieve consensus?

A brief explanation of the Beacon Chain

1/20 First of all, time on the Beacon Chain is subdivided into epochs and slots. One epoch is 32 slots (~6.4 minutes), and one slot is 12 seconds long.

2/20

i've spent a long time thinking about this, and I can no longer stay silent while big whales extract from ETH holders.

ethereum's modern form is centralized, culturally decaying and unfixable.

my farewell to the community + why i'm joining @solanafndn

1/18 👇 @SolanaFndn the Merge was a catastrophe which marked the top for ETHBTC.

a lot of us like to say "market price doesn't matter" pointing to XRP's rise as an example, but over a long enough timeframe it is indeed a weighing machine.

a few years seems like enough time to weigh ethereum

2/18

f(x) protocol (@protocol_fx) v2 whitepaper just dropped, bringing non-liquidating fixed leverage to traders with zero funding costs and a decentralized stablecoin. let's see how it works and what f(x) can do for you 👇

f(thread) = 1/15 @protocol_fx DISCLAIMER: i have received booster rewards from them in the past for my previous thread that included f(x). though it's very appreciated (ty fx!!!), i try not to make it impact my writing

2/15

https://x.com/ethereumintern_/status/1828087117077188660

gm timeline. there's lots of ways to make income in crypto. here, we'll cover a few different strategies of how to make nice high yield, all in defi. NOTHING HERE IS FINANCIAL ADVICE.

the yield thread 1/11 pendle PTs: do you want fixed passive income? then sit back and buy some @pendle_fi PTs.

they're pretty much zero-coupon bonds in defi, they give fixed yield by stripping the yield from the principal.

2/11

the cypherpunk, filled with curiosity and paranoia. but when every transaction is tracked onchain, wat do?

enter stealth addresses: the ninja-like feature for keeping your crypto in the shadows. cc @fluidkey @umbracash

the stealth addresses thread, 1/10 stealth addresses are a privacy technique that allows people to send money to you without revealing who they are sending to, without any mixing of funds.

however, it does not mean total anonymity. people can still trace the transaction flow.

2/10

one of the key insights about rollups is that they can not only be differentiated technologically, but culturally as well, while remaining secured by ethereum.

i'd like to highlight some of the unique (on both axes) and intriguing rollups i've seen

the L2 thread, 1/13 inshAllah (@inshAllah_l2): an islamic L2 designed for creating an environment for onchain halal finance. they are currently building a staking product called goldsand, a liquid staking service whose validators do not include haram transactions within ethereum blocks, such as those involving lending.

2/13

the ethereum smart contract developer is a creature of skill, determination, and coffee. but even that can't build good dapps without tooling.

a bunch of libraries, frameworks, or other tools that may be useful for you as a dev 👇

1/15 tevm: a library built on the viem API allowing local transaction simulation and deeper typescript-solidity integration



2/15tevm.sh

it's the first onchain perpetual options protocol on ethereum, allowing liquidity providers to hedge their delta and degens to go long or short with high leverage and zero price-based liquidations.

that's right. it's the @GammaSwapLabs thread. 1/10 wtf are perpetual options? (feel free to skip this if you aren't interested in the details)

options are contracts that allow you to optionally buy or sell an asset by an expiration date for a certain price. for example, i could buy a "call option" to get the right to buy a certain amount of ETH at a certain strike price.

a perpetual option is an option without an expiration date, which can be held indefinitely.

the key insight of gammaswap is that providing liquidity on uniswap is like the risk of selling options to short volatility, i.e. a perpetual short straddle. these options have no expiration date, so you can provide liquidity forever.

2/10

gammaswap.com/blog/uniswap-a…

the defi protocol gigathread, covering 47 protocols.

uniswap, maker, aave, frax, liquity, chainlink, uma, balancer, lido, eigenlayer, rocketpool, pendle, curve, convex, morpho, tornado cash, karak, spark, renzo, reflexer, gearbox...

one post each, basic summary. let's go. 1/49 ...velodrome, beefy, ENS, yearn, 1inch, layerzero, across, gains network, gammaswap, safe global, synthetix, TLX, stargate, tokemak, euler, stakeDAO, kelpDAO, altlayer, cowswap, flat money, f(x), dhedge, GMX, kwenta, hai, sablier.

2/49

one of the most important protocols on ethereum and DeFi in general is going to radically change, and most don't even know.

that's right, it's a very basic overview of the @MakerDAO endgame plan. a massive, comprehensive plan.

1/15 why is this only a very basic overview? well, the FIRST POST of rune's complete overview is 12 THOUSAND WORDS LONG and it's unreasonable to ask the average defi degen to read all that

as your intern, to make this post i had to read a lot. you can see all the sources i used at the end of the thread

2/15

the pectra megafork is coming and you're fading ethereum?

a shallow dive into every upgrade included in pectra, and what it means for ethereum 📚

TL;DR: simpler and faster

1/12 EVM Object Format: a whole set of sweeping changes to the EVM. it will:
- allow optimizers to find better optimizations (reducing gas costs for users)
- remove "stack too deep" errors (devs hate these errors so much it's so damn annoying)
- allow easier JIT compilation, speeding up the EVM more
- overall increased developer experience

2/12