This is highly misleading and incorrect. Please DO NOT DO INVERSIONS for brain health and super aging. Mr Goyal is promoting a dangerous practice. He might be gifs at creating a startup but let’s stop at that.
This is pure pseudo science.

https://twitter.com/deepigoyal/status/1989663245318124005

1/ The wellness industry claims headstands and inversions “reverse gravity,” “flush blood to the brain,” and slow aging. This sounds intuitive. It’s also completely physiologically backwards and potentially dangerous for the exact population seeking anti-aging benefits.

A Thread on HIIT:

Building Your Heart's Natural Bypass Surgery.

1/9: Did you know your body has a built-in defense system against blocked arteries? It's true! High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is scientifically proven to enhance your heart's "backup highways," known as coronary collaterals, offering significant protection against heart damage. 2/9: What are Coronary Collaterals? They are alternative circulatory pathways that provide crucial backup blood flow when main coronary arteries become narrowed or blocked. They don't appear suddenly; they are small, pre-existing vessels (30-50 µm) that remodel and enlarge through a process called arteriogenesis.

Disclaimer : A long but worthwhile thread.
Ever wondered why does it take so long for a vaginal delivery to occur?
If nature wanted it could have delivered babies instantly, without the morbidity and mortality of both babies and mothers.
But there are issues which needed to be fixed by the evolution... Why Human Labour Takes So Long? A Full Scientific Yet Simple Explanation:
Basic evolutionary changes :
1) The price of walking on two legs instead of 4 was smaller pelvis aka bony birth canal in human female.
2) Humans evolved large brains, which means babies have big heads, among the largest (relative to body size) in the animal kingdom.

The house always wins. But people still gamble. Here’s why logic doesn’t stand a chance against hope, dopamine, and illusion 👇 Gambling is not about maths.
It’s about emotion.
Even with a fixed 2–5% house edge, people still bet.
Why? Because somewhere deep down, we believe:
“Someone has to win. Why not me?”

A long thread but with small bytes.

1/n Cancer is basically when normal body cells go rogue—dividing endlessly instead of following the body’s disciplined checks and balances.
So, the more cells an animal has, and the longer it lives, the more chances for things to go wrong. 2/n This is why taller humans and larger dogs are known to have higher cancer risks.
More body = more cell divisions = more chances for mutations.
So big animals like whales or elephants should have a lot more cancer.
But they don’t.

🧵 THREAD: Sovereign Gold Bonds - From Brilliant Innovation to Fiscal Disaster
1/ Sovereign Gold Bonds (SGBs) were launched in 2015 as a genius alternative to physical gold ownership in India. Today, they’re considered one of the costliest policy mistakes in recent financial history. Here’s the fascinating story… 2/ SGBs 101: Government securities denominated in grams of gold, paying 2.5% annual interest PLUS the appreciation in gold value, with tax-free capital gains at redemption. Sounds too good to be true? Well, for investors it wasn’t - for the government, it was a disaster.

Thread: Investment returns aren’t lies — but they often wear makeup.

CAGR, XIRR, IRR, TWRR… it’s easy to get confused and impressed by numbers.

A simple guide to understand returns — and how different assets cherry-pick the one that flatters them most…. 1. Simple Return (a.k.a. Absolute Return)
It’s just the total % increase.
You buy at ₹10L, sell at ₹30L — return is 200%.
Simple. But it says nothing about time.
200% over 2 years? Great.
Over 20 years? Meh.

Used by: Real estate, gold…..

1/ I’ve noticed a dramatic shift. Modi’s supporters are no longer singing praises of him or his policies. Here’s why: stagnant salaries, rising unemployment, inflation, and a shrinking middle class. 🧵 2/ Leading FMCG companies admit discretionary spending is down. Corruption is rampant. We’re left with polluted air, water, and food. Housing is unaffordable. And there’s zero focus on improving our greatest asset: human capital by focusing onhealthcare & education.

After seeing lot of debates on X, mostly acrimonious and depending on “which side you are” responses, I thought and wrote down some points.
This thread 🧵 the culmination of that long process where I have tried to see what it is from both the sides.
Disclaimer: I am from general category and also not in EWS category.
And this is a long thread. Title: The Illusion of Merit and the Necessity of Balance

1/ The debate over reservations and merit in India is as old as the country itself. On one side, there is the push for social justice for marginalized communities. On the other, there is the call for a merit-based system where only the “best” are rewarded. But is merit truly as straightforward as it seems?

Curse of knowledge:
1/7Imagine you're a master chef, effortlessly whipping up a cake. But when you try teaching a novice, they fumble in the first 3 steps. Welcome to the "curse of knowledge" - where expertise becomes your Achilles heel in teaching others. Intrigued? Let's explore. 2/The curse of knowledge is when you know something so well, you forget what it's like NOT to know it. Sounds weird, right? But it happens all the time in communication, teaching, and even product design.

Thread: The Shelf Life of Expired Medicines 🧵

1/ The U.S. Department of Defense and FDA ran a study called the Shelf Life Extension Program (SLEP) to check how long medications stay effective past their expiration dates.

https://twitter.com/maulikdr/status/1809776417049022764

2/ What They Found:

•Many drugs stay potent well beyond their labeled expiration dates.
•Some can last 5 to 10 years longer!

A common query posed by my pregnant patients: What is cord blood banking and should we go for it?
A thread 🧵: 1/13 Cord blood is the blood remaining in the umbilical cord and placenta after childbirth. It's rich in stem cells that can develop into various blood cells and help treat diseases. #CordBloodBanking #StemCells

As a clinician I come across scores of patients everyday struggling with weight control, poor lifestyle choices and the resultant undesirable effects. So I thought to write this.

A simple primer for layman on the role of two very important hormones : Insulin and Leptin.

Insulin: The Key to the Door

Imagine your body’s cells are houses, and glucose (sugar) in your bloodstream is like the energy delivery truck. Insulin is the key that unlocks the doors to these houses, allowing glucose to enter and be used as energy. Without insulin, glucose can’t get into the cells, so it stays in the bloodstream, which is not where you want it to pile up.

When Insulin Resistance Develops: It’s as if the locks on the doors start to rust. Even with the key, it’s harder to open the doors. Your body(pancreas) has to produce more keys (insulin) to try and unlock the doors, but it’s a struggle, leading to higher levels of glucose in the blood.

Leptin: The Fullness Signal

Now, think of leptin (produced by your fart cells) as your body’s fuel gauge, letting your brain know how much energy is stored as fat. When the tank is full (you have enough fat stored), leptin tells your brain, “We have enough fuel; let’s burn off some of this energy!” This reduces hunger and encourages your body to use up some stored fuel.

When Leptin Resistance Happens: It’s like the fuel gauge is broken. Your brain thinks the tank is empty and keeps signaling, “We need more fuel!” even though there’s plenty. This makes you feel hungry and less inclined to burn energy, even though you have enough stored, leading to further weight gain.

The Interconnected Pathway:

Imagine a busy city where both the fuel gauge system and the lock-and-key system are starting to fail. The energy delivery trucks (glucose) can’t unload their energy efficiently, causing traffic jams in the bloodstream. Meanwhile, the fuel stations (your brain) keep displaying the “more fuel needed” sign because the fuel gauges (leptin) are malfunctioning, leading to more energy intake than necessary.

Managing the City’s Traffic and Fuel:

To fix the city’s problems, you would need to oil the locks (improve insulin sensitivity) so keys can easily open doors again, allowing energy delivery trucks to unload efficiently. You’d also need to repair the fuel gauges (improve leptin sensitivity) so the fuel stations accurately reflect how much fuel is really needed, preventing unnecessary intake.

By improving the function of both systems, the city becomes more efficient: energy is properly distributed where it’s needed, and the fuel supply matches actual demand, leading to a healthier, more balanced system.... Let’s juxtapose these concepts directly with how the body functions and the diseases that can arise when these systems malfunction.

Insulin Resistance: The Lock and Key Issue

In our body, when insulin resistance occurs—akin to the rusted locks scenario—our cells don’t respond well to insulin, making it difficult for glucose to enter cells and be used for energy. This condition forces the pancreas to produce more insulin (more keys) in an attempt to overcome the resistance.

Diseases and Conditions:

•Type 2 Diabetes: Eventually, the pancreas can’t keep up, leading to high blood sugar levels. Persistent high blood sugar can damage organs and lead to complications like heart disease, kidney failure, and neuropathy.
•Cardiovascular Diseases: Insulin resistance can also contribute to atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) due to the associated high levels of insulin and glucose, leading to heart attacks and strokes.
•Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): This condition is often associated with insulin resistance and can affect women’s menstrual cycles and fertility, along with increasing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Leptin Resistance: The Faulty Fuel Gauge

With leptin resistance, the body’s “fuel gauge” system malfunctions. Even when energy stores (fat) are ample, the brain perceives them as insufficient and signals hunger, reducing energy expenditure.

Diseases and Conditions:

•Obesity: The primary issue with leptin resistance. Despite having enough or even excessive energy stored as fat, the brain’s continuous “hungry” signal leads to overeating and reduced calorie burning, promoting further weight gain.
•Metabolic Syndrome: A cluster of conditions including high blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol levels, which occur together, increasing the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.
•Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Excess fat storage, partly due to leptin resistance, can lead to fat accumulation in the liver, causing NAFLD, which can progress to liver inflammation and scarring.

The Interconnected Impact on Health

When the “city’s” systems (the body’s insulin and leptin signaling pathways) malfunction, traffic jams (high blood sugar) and incorrect fuel station signs (constant hunger signals) lead to widespread issues. The body’s inability to properly use glucose for energy and accurately regulate hunger and energy storage can cause a cascade of health problems, from obesity to type 2 diabetes to cardiovascular diseases.

Managing Health: Just as managing a city’s traffic and fuel requires fixing the locks and fuel gauges, managing the body’s health involves improving insulin and leptin sensitivity. This can be achieved through lifestyle changes such as diet modifications, regular physical activity, weight management, and, in some cases, medication. By restoring proper signaling and function in these hormone pathways, we can reduce the risk of associated diseases and improve overall health.

Understanding the roles of insulin and leptin and the consequences of their resistance is very important for maintaining a healthy lifestyle for disease prevention and management.
Thanks for reading.

#InsulinSensitivity
#LeptinResistance
#HealthyLiving

A concise guide on pregnancy
After a long career as an obstetrician, I shall try and make pregnancy and its experience a bit simple to understand.
This article is primarily intended for those experiencing pregnancy for the first time.
Pregnancy can be both exhilarating and exhausting, a wonderful journey or a challenging ordeal.
Pregnancy is an exciting and transformative time in a woman's life. It is a time of joy, anticipation, and wonder as you prepare to bring a new life into the world. However, pregnancy can also be a challenging and overwhelming experience, particularly for first-time mothers who may not know what to expect.
Throughout my career, I have cared for women who faced a range of complications during their nine months of pregnancy, as well as those who experienced no problems at all.
No two pregnancies are same. Not even in the same woman. So never ever compare your pregnancy with your friend’s or relative’s. Pregnancy typically lasts 280 days from the start of your last menstrual period (LMP).
You can track this in terms of weeks (40 weeks), days (280 days), or months (approximately 9 months and 10 days).
Your obstetrician will always talk in weeks since that is the precise way of monitoring your baby and you. I will advise you to get used to the week’s measurement.
Therefore, pregnancy is typically divided into three trimesters, each spanning roughly three months. Each trimester- 1,2 and 3 will have different experiences for the pregnant woman.
All non-IVF (natural) pregnancies begin in fallopian tubes. Your ovum will get fertilized in the tube and get into your uterus where it is welcomed to stay for 9 months.
Your body will undergo 100’s of physiological and anatomical transitions to accommodate your baby. So naturally you will feel lot of changes. In first 16 weeks, those changes are in form of nausea, vomiting, weakness, fatigue, aversion to food, nausea especially after tempering food, pain in tummy (lower abdomen), Chakkar ana, overall feeling of “maza nahin aa raha hai” type. The scale will vary between 0-10.
You will have checked your urine for pregnancy before you contact your obgyn for your 1st visit.
The general schedule of visits is: every 4 weeks till 32 weeks, every 2 weeks till 36 weeks and every week in the last month of pregnancy. Special and high-risk cases might need more frequent visits.

As a doctor, my primary field may be healthcare, but my curiosity led me to explore the financial world. The learning has been profoundly enlightening. From running a private practice to understanding the economics of healthcare, investing, personal finance,financial literacy has… twitter.com/i/web/status/1… Decoding Balance Sheets and Income Statements(Profit and Loss account )isn't just for accountants or investors. These financial documents are the pulse and blood pressure of any organization. Whether you're in healthcare, technology, education, or even non-profits, understanding… twitter.com/i/web/status/1…

Parenting in an uncertain world requires a delicate balance of guidance and empowerment. Here are 7 principles to help children born today navigate the future with resilience and relevance. .. 1. Foster adaptability: Teach your children the importance of being flexible and adaptable. Encourage them to embrace change, learn new skills, and cultivate a growth mindset. Adaptability will be their superpower in an ever-changing world. #AdaptabilityMatters"..

Sperm counts around the world have halved over the past 50 years, with the pace of decline more than doubling since 2000, according to recent research on male fertility...
. The biggest causes of deterioration of sperm cells are pollution, smoking, age, and certain health conditions.
DNA fragmentation of sperms can be of outstanding importance, and the test was officially included in the international guidelines in 2021...

Waist/height ratio above 0.5 is a better predictor of health than BMI.
The problem with BMI is that it does not differentiate between weight contributed by fat, muscle and bone. A very muscular individual may have a BMI over 30, inviting the label of being obese, even if the body fat content is not high. Similarly, a person with low muscle mass or low bone weight may have a BMI of 22 but still be at a high risk of diabetes, hypertension and heart attacks. While BMI broadly correlates with the prevalence of cardio-metabolic diseases..

Pregnant women are advised not to clean their cat litter tray and to wear gloves while gardening.
Avoid eating raw meat or from eating unwashed fruit and vegetables.
This is to prevent the infection of Toxoplasmosis which is deleterious to the baby inside.. Toxoplasma Gondii is a parasite which can infect many mammals and birds, but can only sexually reproduce inside cats. Its normal lifecycle is to be shed into the environment in cat faeces, from where it may be picked up by rodents and birds, which are then eaten by cats..

The concept of "opportunity cost" is extremely important in all aspects of our lives.
The real cost of any purchase isn't the actual dollar cost. Rather, it's the opportunity cost -- the value of the investment you didn't make because you used your funds to buy something else.. said Warren Buffett.

When we acquire something, we pay two costs: the price we pay for it and the cost of what we have given up to acquire it. With our money, if we choose to invest it, our opportunity cost will be not having saved it;

The owners of both Haldirams and Bikaji are four brothers who split the original Haldiram, founded in 1932 by their grandfather Ganga Bishan Agarwal. The oldest brother Shiv Kishan Agarwal runs the Nagpur entity with control over the west and south India market, while the second brother Shiv Ratan Agarwal runs Bikaji.
The youngest two brothers Manohar and Madhusudan Agarwal run the Delhi-based entity with control over the north India market. Together the family controls nearly 50 percent of India’s ethnic snacks market.
#funtrivia