Zoom out far enough, and "Western Hegemony" looks less like history and more like a tale of yesterday.

We visualized 2,000 years of global economic data (1 AD – 2040).

The chart reveals a nuanced truth: The last 200 years were a statistical aberration, and the system is now reverting to the mean.
A Thread on the Great Restoration. 📉📈

(1/6) The Default Setting (1 AD – 1700)

Look at the India and China blocks.
For 17 centuries, the world order was Asian by default.

Combined, these two civilisations commanded ~50-60% of global GDP.
Europe was a peripheral player. 

The "Global South" was actually the Global Center.

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The Election Commission of India (ECI) is the bedrock of our democracy. Its independence is constitutionally non-negotiable.

But does the post-retirement data of Chief Election Commissioners (CECs) align with this principle of distance?

We analysed the archives from 1950 to 2025. The data reveals a fascinating correlation between the ‘Umpires’ and the ‘Executive’.

A Thread. 🧵 👇

(1/8) The Era of Honours (1950–2009):

For the first six decades, there was a high frequency of state honours conferred upon CECs.

Out of the first 15 CECs, 7 received Padma Awards (Padma Bhushan or Padma Vibhushan).

That is a 46% hit rate of top election officials receiving high civilian honours from the state.

(2/8)

On December 1, Justice G.R. Swaminathan of the Madras High Court ordered the lighting of the Karthigai Deepam on Thiruparankundram Hill, deploying CISF personnel after noting the State police had blocked the ritual.

On December 9, an impeachment motion with 107 MP signatures was submitted against him.

What began as a state-level flashpoint is no longer confined to Tamil Nadu. When MPs from 15 different political parties unite to demand the impeachment of a judge, it stops being a regional dispute and becomes a national crisis for Indian democracy.

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A data breakdown of the signatories shows a specific concentration within the INDI Alliance.

The motion is dominated by three parties:
• INC: 43 MPs
• SP: 21 MPs
• DMK: 21 MPs

Together, they account for 81% of the total signatories. Geographically, Tamil Nadu contributes the highest number with 35 MPs.

(2/6)

Modern India has built its own Infrastructural Hierarchy- a nationwide effort to connect every household to 5+1 essential networks: Water, Sanitation, Power, Clean Cooking, Housing, and Digital Access.

What took Western nations decades to achieve by 1940, India began only after 2014, transforming these networks from symbols of privilege into instruments of inclusion.

(1/9) By 1940, nearly every American household was already connected to water, sewage, electricity, gas, and telephone networks.

In India, these were colonial-era enclaves built only for a select few, never meant for universal access. Nationwide connectivity began in earnest only after 2014.

(2/9)

Muslim-Majority Districts in India (1951–2021)

1951 → 2021: From 8 to 36 Muslim-majority districts
1951: 8
1961: 8
1971: 9
1981: 13
1991: 18
2001: 20
2011: 32
2021: 36

(1/9) 🧵 1951 & 1961 - 8 Muslim-majority districts

- Jammu & Kashmir (6): Anantnag, Srinagar, Baramula, Doda, Leh/Ladakh, Poonch
- Lakshadweep (1)
- West Bengal (1): Murshidabad

(2/9)

Madvi Hidma was eliminated today.

India's most-wanted Maoist leader, Chief of PLGA-1, was neutralised today in Andhra Pradesh.

Mastermind of 26+ attacks, Dantewada 2010, Jhiram Ghati 2013, Sukma-Bijapur 2021.

₹1 crore bounty.

This thread explains how India is dismantling the five-decade insurgency.

(1/9) The numbers first.

- 2004–2014: 16,463 violent incidents, 1,851 security personnel killed, 4,766 civilians dead.
- 2014–2024: 7,744 incidents (↓53%), 509 personnel killed (↓73%), 1,495 civilians dead (↓70%).

A 53–73% decline across every metric. The graph only goes one way down.

(2/9)

Over 15 years, India's state-level legislatures have undergone a massive structural shift.

In 2010, Congress held 1,176 MLAs while the BJP held 877. By 2025, the BJP reached an all-time high of 1,654 MLAs while Congress fell to a historic low of 647.

A complete reversal.

(1/12) Between 2010-2013, India's political landscape remained relatively stable.

Congress maintained dominance in state assemblies. However, public sentiment was shifting due to governance challenges, inflation, and high-profile institutional failures during this period.

(2/12)

In 2018, India's banking sector was on the verge of collapse. NPAs had hit 11.2% - the worst crisis since independence.

However, by 2024, NPAs had dropped to 2.6% - a 12-year low. Banks recorded a profit of ₹3.1 lakh crore.

🧵How did India pull off this remarkable turnaround?

​(1/25) To understand this MASTERCLASS in crisis management, we need to go back to 1996.

This is a story of:
- 3 governments
- Multiple reforms
- Multiple RBI governors
- Painful transparency
- And the world's fastest banking sector recovery

Let's dive deep 👇​

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One number tells the story of Bengal’s 60-year demographic shift.

1951: 5.1M Muslims
2011: 24.6M Muslims
A 381.7% rise, while Hindus grew only 210.2%.

The divergence is striking. Who benefits from not asking why? A thread 🧵

(1/6) In 1951, West Bengal was 76.9% Hindu and 19.6% Muslim.

The partition aimed to create stable homelands. Yet by 2011, Muslim numbers quintupled while Hindu growth lagged. What explains this?

(2/6)

Till 2014, India watched as China dominated. But in 2014, everything changed.

What made the world’s most complex democracy finally outpace the “unstoppable” China?

This wasn’t just a policy shift, but a national reset. Here’s how the tables truly turned 🧵👇

(1/15) Why China Was Winning (2000-2013)

China had a simple formula:
- Build factories → Create jobs → Export everything
- Invest massively in roads, trains, ports​
- Peak growth: 14.2% in 2007
The world called it the "Chinese Miracle"​

(2/15)

67 years. 1947 to 2014. India managed to create just 51,348 MBBS seats.

2014-2025: 75,252 seats added.

The last 10 years added 24,000 MORE seats than the previous 67 years combined.

🧵India now stands at 1,26,600 MBBS seats.

(1/9) While we were expanding at home, Indian doctors were conquering the world:

USA: 69,000+ doctors (26.5% of ALL immigrant physicians)

UK: 19,000-26,000 doctors
Thousands more across Canada & Australia
India is the #1 source of immigrant doctors globally.

(2/9)

Why does external debt-to-GDP matter?

The lower it is, the safer India is from dollar risks and global shocks.
It illustrates the extent to which our economy is tied to foreign debt and our ability to meet those obligations.

🧵Let’s see how that story unfolded over two decades In 1991, India’s EDG ratio reached the alarming levels of 38.7% during the balance-of-payments crisis.

The 21st-century story is one of reform, drift, and revival for the Indian economy.

Let's chart the journey under three prime ministers of the 21st century.

(2/9)

When India’s GDP per capita overtook Sub-Saharan Africa in 2016, it marked a quiet turning point.

As the world’s 4th largest economy, India has changed the global conversation.

Yet the rise in its per capita income still holds powerful stories waiting to be told.

1/8 In 1960, India’s GDP was $37 billion, while that of Sub-Saharan Africa was $36 billion.

By 2013, the size of both economies was $1.8 trillion.

2/8

India’s return to its ranking at the time of independence took close to 8 decades.

Here is the story of India’s decline & decline, slow rise & then a steady rise.

(1/14) Nehru Era (1947-1964):

- India started at rank 6 in 1947, slipped to 8 by 1964.
- In 17 years under PM Nehru, India nationalized many private institutions.
- India chose an economic model that was socialist in nature.

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