" On this day we must remember those who have made sacrifices and suffered for the cause of independence. It is needless for me to name all of them, but I cannot help mentioning Subhas Chandra Bose who left this country and formed the Indian National Army abroad

(1/n). and fought bravely for the freedom of the country. He hoisted this flag in foreign countries and when the day came for hoisting it on the Red Fort, he was not to see his dream fulfilled.

(2/n).

" This fort has witnessed many vicissitudes. You also know what happened during the last 27 years when we struggled and made sacrifices under this  flag. I need not tell you all that happened during this period.

(1/n). What is worth recalling is that we had taken a pledge that we shall lay down our lives for the honour and dignity of this flag and would never allow it to be lowered what -ever might be the consequences. That pledge has been fulfilled. "__ Jawaharlal Nehru.

(2/n).

" We have gathered here on a historic occasion at this ancient fort to win back what was ours. This flag does not symbolize the triumph of individuals or the Congress but the triumph of the whole country.

(1/n). The free flag of India is the symbol of freedom and democracy not only for India but for the whole world.  India, Asia and the world must rejoice on this great day."__ Jawaharlal Nehru.

#JawaharlalNehru .

(2/n).

" Long years ago... we made a tryst with destiny, and now the time comes when we shall redeem our pledge, not wholly or in full measure, but very substantially.

At the stroke of the midnight hour, when the world sleeps, India will awake to life and freedom.

(1/n). A moment comes, which comes, but rarely in history, when we step out from the old to the new, when an age ends, and when the soul of a nation, long suppressed, finds utterance.

(2/n).

" When I talk about an independent foreign policy for India, other people talk about the neutral attitude of India. I object to the word "neutral" . We are not neutral. We have positive ideas .

(1/n). When we talk of an independent foreign policy for India, some countries criticize it and do not understand it. They ask " what is this"? Yet, in the final analysis, what does an independent policy for India mean?

(2/n).

" His achievements are tremendous. But the biggest achievement of all was the way he influenced these people and made them better than they were. Therefore, we have to think of him not in a legendary way but as a man, the greatest amongst

(1/n). us, gentle and wise, a man of faith and, at the same time, a man of action. Above all, we have to think of the principles for which he stood and which he impressed upon India. Thus we shall, in a small measure, be true to him and his teachings."~Jawaharlal Nehru.

(2/n).

" We have had in the past great leaders, and the greatest of them all was Mahatma Gandhi. But what we want today is not a few great leaders,

(1/n). but we should have hundreds of thousands of leaders in every village and in every town, so that the people should not look up to some great leader.

(2/n).

" In the odd days I invited you to join the great struggle for independence. That was a great adventure, a joy _giving adventure, because when you ally yourself to a great cause, that act not only increases your stature but it also gives you joy.

(1/n). Even apart from the results of it, the act of striving for great causes itself is good, is strengthening, and it makes you grow. Today we have a great adventure ahead, this adventure of building a new India. She has lived for thousands of years.

(2/n).

" If you go to Kashmir, you will find an extremely beautiful tree called the chinar. Now you cannot grow the chinar in Delhi. However much you may try, there is no way of growing it in any other part of India.

(1/n). Therefore it is narrow-mindedness to think that all of us should become identical in our food and dress habits. What will be the result if you do that? You cannot succeed in doing so as the country will come to a standstill.

(2/n).

" In the ancient times, India became great because our ancestors kept their minds open to new ideas and to all new developments in the outside world and showed adventurous spirit when they undertook perilous voyages across the high seas and cultivated great minds.

(1/n). In later period, that spirit almost disappeared and India degenerated because she lost contacts with outside world, while internal quarrels weakened the nation marking her a prey to foreign aggression.

(2/n).

" Gradually, a change came. We became afraid of others and shrank into ourselves. We did not want either to go out ourselves or to let others come in. We developed narrow grooves of thought and narrow divisions among ourselves, each division keeping apart

(1/n). divided into various castes and groups. We practically imposed a ban on our people to go outside India. People were afraid that they would lose their caste or religion if they went out of India .

(2/n).

" People talk about a secular State. Some think about it as a silly word and yet, what we simply mean by it is to have a normal and a civilized country. The communal idea is synonymous with an uncivilized idea. It is a primitive idea, a vulgar and a childish idea.

(1/n). It does not matter where it exists, whether in the mind of a Hindu, a Muslim, a Sikh, a Parsi or a Christian. It may be in anybody's mind. If it is there, it shows an uncivilized thinking.

(2/n).

" We were a small people but we had the privilege of serving under a great leader, Gandhiji, and we learnt much from him and we held aloft the torch of India's freedom and not only held that aloft, we have held aloft also that things which Gandhiji always taught us,

(1/n). that we must always pursue peaceful and good methods, that even a good objective does not entitle us to use bad methods. So we have held aloft this torch of freedom and the torch of peace.

(2/n).

" I was going back alone to my home, which was no longer home for me, and there by my side was a basket and that basket contained an urn. That was all that remained of Kamala, and all our bright dreams were also dead and turned to ashes.

(1/n). She is no more, Kamala is no more, my mind kept on repeating.
I thought of my autobiography, that record of my life, which I had discussed with her as she lay in Bhowali Sanatorium. And, as I was writing it, sometimes I would take a chapter or two and read it out to her.(2/n).

" I have no objection to any kind of religious faith that you practise, or any individual may practise, provided, of course, you do not force it down on me. I want freedom of conscience, just as I wish to give you freedom of conscience, faith and worship.

(1/n). But undoubtedly, speaking from the point of view of the social fabric, certainly, in the last few hundred years, the caste system has been a disrupting influence coming in the way of India functioning with unity. It has weakened us.

(2/n).

" As the House knows, he was a Minister, a member of our Cabinet, for many years, and I had the privilege of cooperating with him in our governmental work. I had heard of him and, of course, met him previously on various occasions.

(1/n). But, I had not come into any intimate contact with him. It was at the time of the Constituent Assembly that I got to know him a little better. I invited him to join the Government.

(2/n).

" When I think of Dr Ambedkar, many things come to my mind, because he was a highly controversial figure. He was not a person of soft speech. But, behind all that was this powerful reaction and an act of rebellion against something that repressed our society for so long.
(1/n). Fortunately, that rebellion had the support, not perhaps in the exact way he wanted it, but in a large measure, the principle underlying that rebellion had the support of Parliament, and, I believe, every group and party represented here.

(2/n).

" Both Jainism and Buddhism were breakaways from the Vedic religion and its offshoots, though in a sense they had grown out of it. They deny the authority of the Vedas and, most fundamental of all matters, they deny or say nothing about the existence of a first cause.

(1/n). Both lay emphasis on non-violence, and build up organizations of celibate monks and priests. There is a certain realism and rationalism in their approach, though inevitably this does not carry us very far in our dealings with the invisible world.

(2/n).

" Dr Ambedkar, as every Member of this House knows, played a very important part in the making of the Constitution of India, subsequently in the Legislative part of the Constituent Assembly and later in the Provisional Parliament.

(1/n). After that, he was not a Member of Parliament for some time. Then, he came back to the Rajya Sabha of which he was a sitting Member.

(2/n).

" Visited Jallian Wala Bagh- walked round and saw numerous bullet marks- Counted 67 on one part of one wall-There must have been at least 200 on the walls I saw (I need not examine all walls).

(1/n). Changes being made in the garden- Walls raised-Wooden planks put up -A lot of earth being thrown up etc-Many bullet marks very high up - One bullet mark on a balcony just outside the bagh facing lane over canal

(2/n).

"India is a very old country with a great past. But she is a new country also, with new urges and desires. Since August 1947, she has been in a position to pursue a foreign policy of her own.

(1/n). She was limited by the realities of the situation which we could not ignore or overcome. But even so, she could not forget the lesson of her great leader. She has tried to adapt, however imperfectly, theory to reality in so far as she could.

(2/n).