In-depth analysis of research on myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS).
2) They extracted antibodies from blood and found that those from LC patients more often reacted to brain tissue such as the thalamus or locus coeruleus. However, after accounting for sex and age, only the results for mouse meninges were significant. 
2) This was first reported in the famous intramural NIH study on ME/CFS. Unfortunately, the sample size of that study was tiny (n = 16), so they also tested it in Long Covid patients from the Neuro-PASC study. 
2) We have previously discussed how genetic data strongly points towards the brain in ME/CFS to synapses, neuronal communication, and even glutamatergic signals
2) The first risk caused by activation, such as graded activity. Psychological models often assume a vicious cycle of deconditioning. So treatment consists of pushing patients to extend their perceived limits.
2) He used the DNA results of more than 15.000 ME/CFS patients from DecodeME, but managed to add genetic data on 3891 ME/CFS cases from the Million Veteran Program (MVP) using a meta-analysis.
2) Buspirone activates serotonin receptors in the hypothalamus and hippocampus. At the time, ME/CFS was often (but incorrectly) viewed as an atypical form of depression where the serotonin pathway was already implicated.
Surprisingly: she found a decreased TPSO signal in the brain in ME/CFS, while they expected an increased signal due to microglia activation 
2) Dr. Lisa Selin has been studying T-cells in ME/CFS for a long time, finding subtle clues that point to T-cell exhaustion and Increased ratio of CD4+CD8+ T cells. She suspects this reflects problems keeping persistent pathogens such as Epstein-Barr virus under control.
2) The review makes clear that most guidelines from the WHO, CDC, NICE and World Physiotherapy do not recommend graded exercise therapy (GE) for Long Covid patients with PEM.
2) Healthcare data from Norway had previously suggests that Incidence age is bimodal for ME/CFS. This study checked this pattern using two big sources: the DecodeME study and a large European survey with more than 8000 respondents.
2) One of the major findings is that current evidence in blood does not point to (low-grade) inflammation as driving ME/CFS symptoms.
2) The authors argue that this is urgently needed because these patients are often excluded from research:
2) The TIMES questionnaires is based on the DePaul Symptom Questionnaire (DSQ) but the authors adapted it to make it more suitable for clinical assessment (rather than diagnosis). 
2) The project will be based at the UK Dementia Research Institute’s Fluid Biomarker Laboratory.
2) The researchers split the participants into two groups and told one of them (the catastrophizing group) that a few people who did the experiment fainted during the ice-water immersion. And the people who fainted had similar responses to the questionnaire as you.
2) The Netherlands Brain Bank has 40 years of experience. 
2) The complement system consists of tiny proteins all over your body that can be activated to initiate an immune response and tagg pathogens so that you immune cells can more easily catch and destroy them.
2) The vagus nerve is like a highway from your brainstem all the way down to your abdomen, wandering (vagus means wandering in Latin) through major organs along the way. 
2) These cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPET) involve riding a bike for about 10 minutes. The resistance is increased until you reach your maximum effort.