In-depth analysis of research on myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS).
2) The KCE makes scientific reports to guide policy. This report is part of the NEED project, which aims to identify healthcare needs in multiple medical conditions. They did a survey of 749 ME/CFS patients and conducted in-depth interviews with 19.
2) These researchers had previously done a mouse experiment where SARS-CoV-2 spike (S1) protein in the nasal cavity caused fatigue- and depression-like symptoms and reduced acetylcholine.
2) Food insecurity was defined as ‘sometimes’ or ‘never’ being able to afford to eat properly, or ‘sometimes’ or ‘always’ having food run out, eating less, eating less variety due to cost, relying on others for food or using food grants/banks.
2) The review found 44 studies on the topic of stigmatisation and ME/CFS, but the majority (68%) only addressed it as a secondary or peripheral topic.
2) They extracted antibodies from blood and found that those from LC patients more often reacted to brain tissue such as the thalamus or locus coeruleus. However, after accounting for sex and age, only the results for mouse meninges were significant. 
2) This was first reported in the famous intramural NIH study on ME/CFS. Unfortunately, the sample size of that study was tiny (n = 16), so they also tested it in Long Covid patients from the Neuro-PASC study. 
2) We have previously discussed how genetic data strongly points towards the brain in ME/CFS to synapses, neuronal communication, and even glutamatergic signals
2) The first risk caused by activation, such as graded activity. Psychological models often assume a vicious cycle of deconditioning. So treatment consists of pushing patients to extend their perceived limits.
2) He used the DNA results of more than 15.000 ME/CFS patients from DecodeME, but managed to add genetic data on 3891 ME/CFS cases from the Million Veteran Program (MVP) using a meta-analysis.
2) Buspirone activates serotonin receptors in the hypothalamus and hippocampus. At the time, ME/CFS was often (but incorrectly) viewed as an atypical form of depression where the serotonin pathway was already implicated.
Surprisingly: she found a decreased TPSO signal in the brain in ME/CFS, while they expected an increased signal due to microglia activation 
2) Dr. Lisa Selin has been studying T-cells in ME/CFS for a long time, finding subtle clues that point to T-cell exhaustion and Increased ratio of CD4+CD8+ T cells. She suspects this reflects problems keeping persistent pathogens such as Epstein-Barr virus under control.
2) The review makes clear that most guidelines from the WHO, CDC, NICE and World Physiotherapy do not recommend graded exercise therapy (GE) for Long Covid patients with PEM.
2) Healthcare data from Norway had previously suggests that Incidence age is bimodal for ME/CFS. This study checked this pattern using two big sources: the DecodeME study and a large European survey with more than 8000 respondents.
2) One of the major findings is that current evidence in blood does not point to (low-grade) inflammation as driving ME/CFS symptoms.
2) The authors argue that this is urgently needed because these patients are often excluded from research:
2) The TIMES questionnaires is based on the DePaul Symptom Questionnaire (DSQ) but the authors adapted it to make it more suitable for clinical assessment (rather than diagnosis). 
2) The project will be based at the UK Dementia Research Institute’s Fluid Biomarker Laboratory.