In this one, cardiorespiratory fitness was found to be associated with a lower risk of incident Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias, with the association being graded in nature so that a higher level of fitness was associated with a lower level of risk. - The study examined the association between cardiorespiratory fitness expressed in METs and incident Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias in a large national cohort of US veterans with a mean age of 60.5 years during up to 20 years of follow-up.

This systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies suggests that the consumption of alcohol is positively related to the risk of total, osteoporotic and hip fractures. - The meta-analysis based on 42 prospective cohort articles indicated that high alcohol consumption is likely to increase the risk of total, osteoporotic and hip fractures, but not wrist and vertebral fractures.

Using data from the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease study, this one suggests that high cardiorespiratory fitness levels may attenuate the increased risk of cardiovascular disease mortality in individuals with elevated systolic blood pressure in men aged 42–61 years. - The Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease study is an ongoing population-based prospective cohort study that was designed to investigate risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

The findings of this one suggest that frailty is a common finding in survivors of COVID-19 requiring hospitalisation, as both physical frailty and pre-frailty were found to be common at 1 year following discharge, together remaining present in two-thirds of its participants. - "While some recovery is seen between 5 months and 1 year we identified that those least likely to recover were older, more likely to be female, have been treated in ICU, have multiple co-morbidities and live in an area with higher levels of deprivation."

In this one, low muscle muscle mass, as measured by the skeletal muscle mass index, combined with further muscle losses within a period of 2 years was associated with diabetes occurrence in Chinese individuals with a mean age of 57.7 years. - Baseline skeletal muscle mass index was associated with future diabetes incidence, but only in adults with impaired glucose tolerance.

This systematic review and meta-analysis finds that blood flow restriction (BFR) combined with low load resistance training appears to be equally effective to high-load resistance training for improving muscle strength in upper body muscles. - Analysis suggested that blood flow restriction combined with low load resistance may result in better strength and size adaptations compared to similar exercise without BFR in muscles proximal to the applied cuff, with low quality of evidence and mixed findings.

This one suggests that a higher habitual coffee consumption may be associated with a lower type 2 diabetes risk, especially among drinkers of ground (filtered or espresso) coffee and non-smokers, and that lower subclinical inflammation may partially mediate this association. - Using data from two large population-based cohorts, the UK-Biobank and the Rotterdam Study, longitudinal associations between higher habitual coffee consumption and lower risk of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance were observed.

In this one, a higher intake of ultra-processed foods was found to be associated with greater body fat, in particular android fat in US adults with a mean age of 38.8 years, with this relationship being most prominent in non-Hispanic Whites and Hispanic adults. - A positive relationship of ultra-processed foods consumption with total %fat, android %fat and gynoid %fat, as well as other secondary measures of body fat was observed.

In this one, moderate restriction of dietary salt intake in patients with primary aldosteronism reduced blood pressure, as well as depressive symptoms. - During the study, the cohort experienced a reduction in systolic blood pressure of 9 mm Hg with a reduction in sodium intake by about 60 mmol, which translates to −7 mm Hg per 50 mmol.

In this multiethnic cohort of US women and men free of clinical cardiovascular disease between 45 and 84 years old, consumption of avocado/guacamole was not found associated with levels of inflammatory markers. - "Our observational study confirms results from smaller studies and clinical trials that although avocados are high in fat, consumption is not associated with increased levels of inflammatory markers...

The findings of this one suggest that habitual exposure to high-fat/high-sugar foods is a critical driver of neurobehavioral adaptations that may increase the risk for subsequent overeating and weight gain before the onset of changes in adiposity. - Healthy, normal-weight participants were randomly assigned to dietary intervention with a high-fat/high-sugar or a low-fat/ low-sugar yoghurt 2 times a day, in addition to their normal diet, for 8 weeks.

Here's another one that sheds doubt to the obesity paradox. - Not only using anthropometric indices other than BMI eliminated any beneficial association between obesity and mortality risk in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction, adiposity was associated with a higher risk of heart failure hospitalization.

This systematic review finds that the literature overall suggests that the metabolizable energy of nuts is lower than that predicted by Atwater factors, something that may in part explain the lack of an effect of nut consumption on body weight reported in the literature. - This systematic review with narrative synthesis aimed to examine the metabolizable energy of tree nuts and peanuts in vitro and in adult humans.

In this one, a calorie-restricted intermittent fasting (5:2) diet and a calorie-restricted low-carbohydrate high-fat diet had similar effects on changes in intraabdominal fat mass and anthropometrics during weight loss in patients with NAFLD. - This was a secondary analysis of data collected in an open-label, randomized controlled trial.

This one found that well-trained midlife recreational cyclists are more likely to have lower levels of fat infiltration and greater muscle mass for the two main gluteal muscles, suggesting that regular exercise may help preserve muscle health during ageing. - This study aimed to examine the benefits of cycling in terms of muscle health by comparing muscle health markers of two middle-aged men groups with different lifestyles:

In this one in adults with obesity without diabetes who initially lost at least 5% of body weight, only the combination of an aerobic exercise program and a GLP-1 receptor agonist improved postprandial glucose & glucagon responses and beta cell function compared with placebo. - The aim of this study was to investigate glucose tolerance, glucagon response, and beta cell function during a 1-year maintenance period with either exercise, the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide, or the combination after diet-induced weight loss.

In this one, a higher muscle-to-fat ratio was associated with markers suggesting better cardiometabolic health, including blood pressure, serum lipids, blood glucose and serum uric acid among Chinese adults, especially in individuals with overweight or obesity. - Finally, some sex/age differences were observed, with females being more likely to be affected by the muscle-to-fat ratio.

More data regarding EPA, its cardioprotective effects, and whether the outcomes of REDUCE-IT were due to the placebo that the control group was taking. Using an in vitro atherosclerosis model, the study's findings suggest that administration of mineral oil to promote atherosclerosis to a degree sufficient to account for the full benefit observed with EPA treatment in REDUCE‐IT is unlikely.

The findings of this one suggest indicate no individual or additive benefit of higher dietary quality on working memory during a 2-year calorie restriction period in healthy adults without obesity and a mean age of 38.1 years. - The study tried to evaluate the association between dietary quality and spatial working memory in healthy adults without obesity (aged 21–50 y) during a 2-year calorie restriction intervention.

In this one, an 8-hour time-restricted eating (TRE) protocol was not associated with additional benefits for reducing intrahepatic triglyceride content, body fat and metabolic risk factors compared with daily calorie restriction in adults with obesity and NAFLD. - All participants were instructed to follow a diet of 1500 to 1800 kcal/d for men and 1200 to 1500 kcal/d for women.

In this one, low-load (30–40% 1RM) ballistic exercise was found to be more effective in inducing a delayed neuromuscular potentiation effect and improve ballistic performance after 24 hours compared with high-load (≥85% 1RM) traditional resistance exercise. - Ballistic exercise was associated with improved CMJ performance after 24 hours.