The findings of this study indicate that physical activity directly adds to total energy expenditure, without evidence of constraint or compensation, in humans. - The health benefits of increasing energy expenditure with physical activity are well documented, but how physical activity influences the energy budget remains controversial.

This one finds that older adults rely on a greater augmentation of systolic function during extreme heat exposure, the magnitude of which depends on heat stress severity. - In 20 young (18 to 39 years) and 20 older (> 65 years) adults, this study documented the echocardiography assessed left-ventricular responses to a very hot and dry (47°C and 15% relative humidity, reflective of the peak conditions during the Pacific Northwest 2021 heat wave) and hot humid (41°C and 40% relative humidity, reflective of the 1995 Chicago heat wave) 3-hour heat exposure, with intermittent bouts of light physical activity throughout (7 x 5 min bouts of physical activity at 3 METS).

The findings of this one suggest that whole-body all-out exercise tolerance may arise from a progressive O2 mismatch from skeletal muscle to the brain. - This study tested the overarching hypothesis that the expended rate of work above critical power during all-out whole-body exercise is related to a decline in prefrontal cortex oxygenation secondary to an organized systemic outstripping of muscle O2 supply relative to O2 demand.

The findings of this one indicate that acute exercise-induced increases in circulating serum BDNF may be solely a result of increased platelet count, probably due to splenic platelet release. - Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) belongs to the family of neurotrophins and stimulates neuronal growth and differentiation, synaptogenesis, and neural plasticity.

This one indicates that 7 years of reduced training are not enough to reverse exercise-induced left atrial enlargement in former elite endurance athletes. - The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of long-term reduced training on the left atrium in elite endurance athletes and to elucidate sex-specific differences in left atrial detraining patterns.

This systematic review and meta-analysis finds that advancing age is not concomitant with greater symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). - The aim of this paper was to undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) in older and younger adults.

This one found a non-linear association between physical activity and the risk of type 2 diabetes in Korean adults, with the optimal physical activity amount at 1,028 MET-min/week. - This study investigated the relationship between the type 2 diabetes prevalence and intensity, frequency, and metabolic equivalent of task (MET) score of physical activity in in 2,428,448 participants included in the Korea Community Health Survey.

The findings of this one suggest that sarcosthenia, that is, intrinsic muscle weakness, is an effective cause of age-related power declines in addition to sarcopenia and fat accumulation. - Age-related deterioration in muscle volume, intramuscular fat content and muscle function can be modulated by physical activity.

In this one, a “weekend warrior” pattern of physical activity (i.e. concentrated within 1 to 2 days) was associated with a reduced dementia risk, regardless of sedentary behaviour duration. - This prospective study used data from the UK Biobank cohort, which provided accelerometer-based physical activity data for a full week from February 2013 to December 2015.

Here, 8 weeks of assisted-versus regular Nordic Hamstring training led to similar strength gains, but with lower hamstring muscle soreness and perceived exertion. - The Nordic Hamstring exercise increases hamstring strength, but muscle soreness and excessive fatigue may hinder adoption.

Once again supporting the existence of the physical activity paradox, this one found leisure-time physical activity to lower the risk of type 2 diabetes, whereas no beneficial effects were found for occupational physical activity level. More about the physical activity paradox can be found in my previous posts:

x.com/search?q=physi…

This systematic review and meta-analysis finds that adding omega-3 supplementation to exercise training is likely to augment some effects of exercise training on body composition and cardiometabolic health in adults, although such effects appear to be modest. - This was a systematic review and meta-analysis that aimed to investigate the effects of combining omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) supplementation with exercise training...

In this one, performing muscle-strengthening activity ≤2 times/week jointly with ≥150 minutes/week of moderate-to-vigorous aerobic physical activity was associated with the lowest all-cause and cardiovascular disease risks in adults with diabetes. - This study aimed to evaluate associations of muscle-strengthening activity with all-cause, cardiovascular disease, and cancer mortality in adults with diabetes, independent of and jointly with moderate-to-vigorous aerobic physical activity.

This systematic review and meta-analysis finds that although supersets can provide a time-efficient alternative to traditional resistance training, they generally induce higher internal loads, more severe muscle damage, and increased perceived exertion. - The primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the acute and chronic effects of superset and traditional set prescriptions on mechanical, metabolic, and perceptual variables.

In this one, an 8-week training program that was performed at an individualized intensity associated with maximal fat oxidation led to improvements in fat oxidative capacity independent of fed or fasted state. - The aim of this study was to examine the influence of time-restricted feeding on fat oxidation during exercise, whereby participants performed an 8-week individualized intensity intervention targeting maximal fat oxidation...

The findings of this one in mice and humans do not support the involvement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the potential cognitive benefits of β-OHB supplementation. - This study conducted parallel human and rodent trials to characterize the effect of exogenous ketone supplementation on indices of brain health.

The findings of this one suggest that exercise training, especially high-intensity exercise, may reduce the inflammatory potential of dendritic cells and macrophages. - Exercising regularly promotes health, but these benefits are complicated by acute inflammation induced by exercise.

This one indicates low-carb diets may not impair exercise performance and that minimal carbohydrate supplementation (10g/h) during exercise can eliminate exercise-induced hypoglycemia and improve performance during strenuous time-to-exhaustion (70%⩒O2max) tests. - Leveraging a randomized crossover design, this study evaluated performance during strenuous time-to-exhaustion (70%⩒O2max) tests in trained triathletes following 6-week high- (380g CHO/day) or low-carbohydrate diets (40g CHO/day) to determine:

The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that only 300 MET-minutes per week (half of the WHO's recommended minimum) of low- to moderate-intensity exercise is sufficient to improve frailty in older adults. - This study explored the dose-response relationship of exercise prescriptions for improving frailty in older adults, based on the 2024 Older Adult Compendium.

This one found that even trained individuals can experience consequential muscle growth and strength adaptations just by maintaining their previous weekly set number above a certain, moderate, weekly set volume threshold, provided a high level of effort is sustained. - This study investigated the effects of increasing previous resistance training weekly set volume by 30% and 60% on muscle hypertrophy and strength.

Here, a 4-week detraining period decreased the HIIT-induced increase in whole-body oxidative metabolism in insulin-resistant individuals, but this did not affect improvements in hepatic insulin sensitivity, hepatic lipid content, and glycemia. - The aim of this study was to compare the sustainability of metabolic effects induced by a long-term HIIT intervention between people with different degrees of whοle-body insulin sensitivity and people with overt type 2 diabetes upon detraining.