Once again supporting the existence of the physical activity paradox, this one found leisure-time physical activity to lower the risk of type 2 diabetes, whereas no beneficial effects were found for occupational physical activity level. More about the physical activity paradox can be found in my previous posts:

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This systematic review and meta-analysis finds that adding omega-3 supplementation to exercise training is likely to augment some effects of exercise training on body composition and cardiometabolic health in adults, although such effects appear to be modest. - This was a systematic review and meta-analysis that aimed to investigate the effects of combining omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) supplementation with exercise training...

In this one, performing muscle-strengthening activity ≤2 times/week jointly with ≥150 minutes/week of moderate-to-vigorous aerobic physical activity was associated with the lowest all-cause and cardiovascular disease risks in adults with diabetes. - This study aimed to evaluate associations of muscle-strengthening activity with all-cause, cardiovascular disease, and cancer mortality in adults with diabetes, independent of and jointly with moderate-to-vigorous aerobic physical activity.

This systematic review and meta-analysis finds that although supersets can provide a time-efficient alternative to traditional resistance training, they generally induce higher internal loads, more severe muscle damage, and increased perceived exertion. - The primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the acute and chronic effects of superset and traditional set prescriptions on mechanical, metabolic, and perceptual variables.

In this one, an 8-week training program that was performed at an individualized intensity associated with maximal fat oxidation led to improvements in fat oxidative capacity independent of fed or fasted state. - The aim of this study was to examine the influence of time-restricted feeding on fat oxidation during exercise, whereby participants performed an 8-week individualized intensity intervention targeting maximal fat oxidation...

The findings of this one in mice and humans do not support the involvement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the potential cognitive benefits of β-OHB supplementation. - This study conducted parallel human and rodent trials to characterize the effect of exogenous ketone supplementation on indices of brain health.

The findings of this one suggest that exercise training, especially high-intensity exercise, may reduce the inflammatory potential of dendritic cells and macrophages. - Exercising regularly promotes health, but these benefits are complicated by acute inflammation induced by exercise.

This one indicates low-carb diets may not impair exercise performance and that minimal carbohydrate supplementation (10g/h) during exercise can eliminate exercise-induced hypoglycemia and improve performance during strenuous time-to-exhaustion (70%⩒O2max) tests. - Leveraging a randomized crossover design, this study evaluated performance during strenuous time-to-exhaustion (70%⩒O2max) tests in trained triathletes following 6-week high- (380g CHO/day) or low-carbohydrate diets (40g CHO/day) to determine:

The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that only 300 MET-minutes per week (half of the WHO's recommended minimum) of low- to moderate-intensity exercise is sufficient to improve frailty in older adults. - This study explored the dose-response relationship of exercise prescriptions for improving frailty in older adults, based on the 2024 Older Adult Compendium.

This one found that even trained individuals can experience consequential muscle growth and strength adaptations just by maintaining their previous weekly set number above a certain, moderate, weekly set volume threshold, provided a high level of effort is sustained. - This study investigated the effects of increasing previous resistance training weekly set volume by 30% and 60% on muscle hypertrophy and strength.

Here, a 4-week detraining period decreased the HIIT-induced increase in whole-body oxidative metabolism in insulin-resistant individuals, but this did not affect improvements in hepatic insulin sensitivity, hepatic lipid content, and glycemia. - The aim of this study was to compare the sustainability of metabolic effects induced by a long-term HIIT intervention between people with different degrees of whοle-body insulin sensitivity and people with overt type 2 diabetes upon detraining.

Here, short, moderate-to-high-intensity exercises multiple times throughout the day showed greater excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) compared with continuous exercise and interval exercise, in which energy expenditure was homogenized, in healthy women. - This crossover, randomized controlled trial aimed to compare the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) for different exercise modalities...

This one finds that long duration walking can induce small increases in IL-6 secretion at walking durations that were habitual on a nearly daily basis throughout the course of human evolution. - This study aimed to examine whether IL-6 release occurs during evolutionarily normal physical activity contexts like long distance walking.

This systematic review finds that the literature overall suggests that muscle volume is a major determinant of sprint cycling performance. - This systematic review aimed to discern the relationships between muscle morphology, architecture, and quality with sprint cycling performance.

This one found that, irrespective of intensity, longer duration of physical activity to be associated with a lower risk of all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease mortality, without minimal or maximal threshold adults with type 2 diabetes. - This study performed a prospective cohort study of 19,624 individuals with type 2 diabetes from the UK Biobank with a median follow-up of 6.9 years.

The findings of this one suggest that an altered function of the autonomic nervous system and a compromised capacity for vasodilation in the microvasculature occur early in the development of insulin resistance. - Skeletal muscle consists of type I and II fibers that differ from each other in terms of contractile speed, fatigue resistance, enzymatic capacity, and vascularization.

This one suggests that although successful youth athletes are more likely to become top senior athletes than those who only succeed in their senior careers, only few successful youth athletes retain the ability to perform at the elite level during their senior careers. - This study aimed to quantify the youth-to-senior transition rate, the likelihood of success and the relationship between youth and senior performance amongst world-class athletes competing in middle- and long-distance disciplines.

This one found that skeletal muscle and abdominal visceral, but not subcutaneous, adipose tissue are associated with lower ex vivo measures of skeletal muscle bioenergetics in older adults. - The aim of this study was to examine associations of ectopic adipose tissue with skeletal muscle mitochondrial bioenergetics in older adults.

This one suggests that athletes of different running disciplines show differing physiological and locomotor profiles, with sprinters showing higher characteristics in anaerobic or neuromuscular-mechanical markers, whereas middle distance runners exhibit higher aerobic markers. - The aims of this study were to generate and compare physiological and locomotor profiles of adolescent and young adult male and female sprinters, 400-m runners, and middle-distance runners and to evaluate relationships between the different approaches.

The findings of this one support skeletal muscle as being a critical organ for neuroplastic signaling. - Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) belongs to the family of neurotrophins and stimulates neuronal growth and differentiation, synaptogenesis, and neural plasticity.

This meta-analysis indicates that intervention duration combined with manipulation of training intensity are the most relevant factors in altering the magnitude of improvements following resistance training. - This meta-analysis is the most comprehensive to date to investigate dose–response relationships of resistance and resistance-dominant training with respect to a range of commonly studied outcome domains in strength and conditioning research.