Jonathan McDowell Profile picture
Astronomer commenting on space launches. Orbital Police. Personal account. All plots CC-BY. @planet4589 on Ma, bsky, etc.
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May 29, 2023 4 tweets 1 min read
The planned trajectory of the North Korean satellite launch, as estimated by me based on debris warning areas, passes 500 km above the Okinawa region - higher than the International Space Station. The only landmass it goes directly over is the uninhabited island of Irisuna-jima. Image It is possible that the second stage could shut down early, or that the yaw manuever prior to stage 2 ignition could go off course, so it is not completely *impossible* for debris from the launch to hit the Okinawa region. But it is very, very unlikely.
May 29, 2023 5 tweets 3 min read
Thanks to a tip from @martyn_williams I took a look at the warning areas for the upcoming (NET May 31) North Korean recon sat launch.
The map below shows the launch site, polygonal warning areas and (orange lines) my fit to the trajectories. (1/n)... Image @martyn_williams I think the first and second warning areas correspond to first stage and nose fairing impact zones, and correspond to a -5650 x 150 km x 93.9 deg (sub)orbit (apogee not well constrained).
Jan 8, 2023 4 tweets 2 min read
On Tuesday at 2pm I'll be in room 205 for the "Space as an Environment" splinter session which will include an update on the issue of satellite constellations affecting ground based astronomy That topic will be continued on Wed at 10am, room 201/202, for the "Space as an Environment" open house, where I'll be tabling and available for informal discussion about the satcon and other space env issues #AAS241
Jan 6, 2023 5 tweets 1 min read
The Japanese space agency JAXA is preparing to deploy 3 cubesats from the ISS.
The cubesats are stored in the J-SSOD #24 deployer, which was brought to ISS on Dragon CRS-26 and transferred internally to the Kibo module. The Japanese JRMS robot arm has extracted J-SSOD #24 from the Kibo airlock and is now holding the deployer out against the direction of ISS motion so that the ejected sats will not recontact ISS.
Dec 19, 2022 15 tweets 5 min read
OK, it's Sunday night and I'm going to get technical on you. You may be familiar with the Lagrange Points - specifically Sun-Earth L1 and L2 (SEL1 and SEL2), which are 1.5 million km towards noon and towards midnight respectively.
Dec 16, 2022 6 tweets 2 min read
LAUNCH of Falcon 9 at 2248 UTC Dec 16 from Cape Canaveral LC40 with two O3b-mPOWER communications satellites 20 first-gen O3b satellites were launched to 8000 km equatorial orbits in 2013 to 2019. They had a mass of 700 kg.
The new O3b mPOWER sats are Boeing 702X satellites with a . mass of 1700 kg each. I believe their size is around 1.5 x 3.0 x 3.0 m with about 27m solar panel span
Nov 21, 2022 14 tweets 2 min read
12 objects made lunar flybys this morning, and we haven't heard detailed information on most of their fates.

Allow me to enumerate: 1. Artemis I Orion
- Flyby at 1257 UTC
- Planned result: Lunar DRO
- Actual result: success so far
- Orbit: available on JPL Horizons
Aug 3, 2022 4 tweets 4 min read
@AbainzaRalph @AerospaceCorp @NASA Very interesting. This is actually NOT the CZ-5B core stage which reentered on Jul 30. It's a piece of the nose fairing that was jettisoned during launch on Jul 24. @AbainzaRalph @AerospaceCorp @NASA You can see the Chinese flag and CMS blue markings on the top of the fairing in this image
Aug 1, 2022 5 tweets 2 min read
OK, we now have reports - some convincing - of CZ-5B debris found on the island of Borneo, on both the Indonesian and Malaysian sides of the border. A report from Batu Niah
shows this object - I can't tell if this is space debris or not. There are other reports of debris in locations close to Batu Niah
Jul 30, 2022 9 tweets 7 min read
Good morning from Boston. The CZ-5B Y3 rocket stage is approaching reentry; new Aerospace Corp and US Space Force estimates narrow the reentry window to two hours and @Marco_Langbroek's estimate overlaps but is slightly longer. @Marco_Langbroek I am going to use the @AerospaceCorp estimate for now, which predicts reentry between 1615 and 1815 UTC. This reentry window opens in three hours from now.
Jul 12, 2022 11 tweets 2 min read
The public are excited by the images, but astronomers are as excited by the spectra, like this one. I want to talk about why The data are the white wiggly line which show the amout of light at each precise color. There are particular spikes where there's more lightm for example the one marked 'hydrogen' at 4.61 or so.
Jul 11, 2022 5 tweets 2 min read
Slightly better res version showing the lensing arcs clearly We're looking at a cluster of galaxies 5 billion light years away, and images of even more distant galaxies behind it that are distorted and magnified by the gravity of the cluster
Jul 11, 2022 5 tweets 1 min read
LAUNCH of Falcon 9 with Starlink Group 3-1 at 0139 UTC Stage 1 sep, fairing sep, Stage 2 ignition, vehicles in space
Jul 8, 2022 6 tweets 1 min read
The correct name for the first object in this list is SMACS J0723.3-7327. It's a cluster of galaxies at a redshift of z=0.39 in the southern constellation Volans and was discovered in 2011 by the Planck survey as PLCKESZ G284.99-23.70 (lots of objects have multiple names, alas) WASP-96b is a planet orbiting the 12th magnitude G8 star 2MASS 00041112-4721382, in the constellation Phoenicis
Jul 7, 2022 6 tweets 1 min read
Some statistics on the topical subject of uncontrolled reentries of rocket stages, from my database.
I assume that stages with dry masses less than 1500 kg ("small stages") burn up completely on reentry, and more massive ones ("big stages") may have bits that hit the ground So I will focus on big stages that made uncontrolled reentries. These can happen from 12 hour after launch to many years after launch (active or targeted reentries always happen at less than 12 hours).
May 16, 2022 4 tweets 2 min read
The Axiom-1 mission jettisoned Dragon's trunk just prior to their deorbit burn on Apr 25. After three weeks in orbit the trunk reentered at 0902 UTC May 14. Meanwhile Sandia Labs' MTI (Multispectral Thermal Imager) satellite, launched in Mar 2000, reentered at 0115 UTC May 14. The satellite was still operating in 2013 but I'm not sure when it lasted until; perhaps @SandiaLabs can tell us
May 3, 2022 10 tweets 2 min read
Yet another Russian SOZ ullage motor has disintegrated in high orbit. This one is from the 2007 launch of three Glonass navigation satellites. The SOZ motors were part of the Blok DM type upper stage that was used on Proton rockets until recently. The DM makes two burns to deliver the payload to its final orbit, in this case a 19130 x 19130 km x 64.8 deg orbit used by GLONASS; (cont)
May 2, 2022 9 tweets 3 min read
LAUNCH of @RocketLab Electron mission 26 from Mahia LC1A with 33 satellites and one attached payload, at 2249:52 UTC May 2 @RocketLab Stage 1 shutdown and separation, stage 2 ignition
May 1, 2022 4 tweets 1 min read
The observations of what appear to be the deorbit burn of the Angara-1.2 AM stage over western Europe at 2303 UTC Apr 29 aren''t quite consistent with the TLEs from Kosmos-2555, and suggest that the AM stage raised its orbit to around 500 km apogee after deploying the sat This would actually make sense - it's the first flight of the AM stage and it would be fairly standard practice on such a test flight to deploy the payload first and then carry out tests of the stage's capabilities to qualify it for future missions.
Mar 23, 2022 6 tweets 2 min read
Today's spacewalk is the RBVM Jumper Install EVA. The RBVM is the Radiator Beam Valve Module, and there are several of them (I think 12?) on the ISS; they manage the flow of ammonia to the big radiators that are used to get rid of heat from the ISS. There are three radiators on the P1 truss and three on the S1 truss. Each group of three radiators is attached to a `Radiator Beam' which can rotate relative to the truss. You can see them here on either side of Zarya, inboard of the solar arrays Image
Feb 27, 2022 4 tweets 1 min read
Based on reports of varying reliability, I estimate at least 13 different Iskander-M missile launches since Feb 23 (quite possibly many more) against Ukraine from sites near Yeysk (Kras.Krai), Belgorod (SW Russia) and Mozyr/Kalinkavichy (Belarus). These launches have ranges of several hundred km but apogees probably around 50-60 km, so they won't show up in the JSR table of space launches (although I am adding them to the GCAT launch lists).