Neural ensembles are groups of co-active neurons that may be triggered spontaneously, by sensory stimuli or behavior. Such ensembles are therefore likely to constitute the building blocks of brain function, but little is known about their structure, organization and dynamics. Studying neural ensembles relies on our ability to identify them. Unlike existing methods, @Giovann82176354 provides a model based approach that uses Bayesian inference techniques to obtain probabilistic estimates of the number, composition and dynamics of neural ensembles.