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25 % of students will always be in the bottom 25%. Only 5 % get to be in the top 5%. Shocking, I know. The arbitrary part is the decision about grade boundaries and notions of pass/fail. As soon as you put lines along the continuum to represent standards, you create cliff edges
The central challenge of teaching is to teach every child at once - each matters as much as any other. It's really hard and inherently flawed .. so our routines and habits need to maximise our chance of success..