Thread by @MedinaRiojaMD

Frontal lobe: anatomy, history, Edgar Allan Poe and beyond, why not?
🧠📝✍️🕵️

Part 1: gross anatomy

"All that we see or seem is but a dream within a dream." - E. A. Poe.

#Neurology #Anatomy #Teaching #EndNeurophobia #Neurotwitter

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⚠️Disclaimer:
Due to the complexity of this structure, this tweetorial will be composed of three main parts.

1️⃣ Gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy (sort of)
2️⃣ Areas and connections
3️⃣ Clinical Syndromes and curiosities

Hope you enjoy!

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⚠️Before we begin, a great quote about this amazing part of the human brain. 👇⬇️

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What is the frontal lobe?🤔🤨

- Biggest cerebral lobe 🧠
- It occupies 1/3 of all the content inside the skull 💀
- It has multiple complex connections between structures 🥅

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Limits ⛔

- Superior: Central Sulcus, Frontal Pole, Sylvian Fissure 🆙
- Lateral: Frontal Pole, Sylvian Fissure 💠
- Medial: Medial Portion of the Central Sulcus, Frontal Pole, Cingulate sulcus🛣️

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Fissures give rise to different Gyri in the frontal 🧠. As 🥼🩺is much more easier and practical to learn functional areas, but as #AnatomyLovers it is important to know most of these concepts.

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What about the cortex?🧠

- Neocortex in the brain has six layers 🧅
- The diffrerence between the thickness of these six layers is what makes a difference in function

A few examples:👇
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Now that I mentioned function and functional areas. 🤓
We all know Brodmann, right?🤔

His model is based on the cytoarchitectonic structure of the cerebral cortex. 🔬

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More recent studies using fMRI have discovered that areas are not the same for everyone and what it used to be a well divided map is now changing. 🤯🤯

As every human is different, it makes sense that functional areas are not exactly the same for everyone. 🤔

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Below is a more "updated" map of the Functional Areas of the Frontal Lobe👇⬇️🔽

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🤓Enough of Gross anatomy, but before we leave...🤪🤓
Do you know what is Exner's area function❓

Answer in the next thread.

Sources:
1.- Psychopathology. 2015;48(4):222-9.
doi: 10.1159/000381986
2.- Fitzgerald MJ, Greuner G, Mtui E. Clinical Neuroanatomy and Neuroscience,2012
3.- Handb Clin Neurol. 2019;163:95-122.
doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-804281-6.00006-9

Sources:
4.- Science. 2017 Oct 27;358(6362):478-482.
doi: 10.1126/science.aan8868
5.- Brain. 2018 Nov 1;141(11):3262-3278.
doi: 10.1093/brain/awy273