Atypical variants of motor neuron disease.

🧠🏥🏃

#Neurology
#Neurotwitter
#teaching
#Neuro
#MiniThread

Does the phenotype matter?

Yes, as prognosis is different in some variants.

1/🧵 a) Spinal-Onset ALS
b) Progressive Muscular Atrophy
c) Progressive Bulbar Palsy/Bulbar-onset ALS
d) Facial onset sensory and motor neuronopathy (FOSMN)
e) Flail-arm syndrome (Vulpian-Bernhardt syndrome): LMN upper limbs and UMN (usually only brisk reflexes in lower limbs)
2/🧵

Midbrain Syndromes: Parinaud, Weber, Benedikt, Claude and Nothnagel.
🧠🥸🤔

#NewYearNewThread

#Neurology #Anatomy #Neurotwitter #History

1/🧵 Before we describe the main characteristics of these syndromes, it is improtant not to forget the main structures present in this region. ⚠️

Note: this is not a neuroanatomy 🧵

2/🧵

4⃣ core brain networks (there are more): expanding the localizationist approach 🧠 🥅🕸️

#Neuro #Neuroanatomy #Neurology #EndNeurophobia

#Thread

1/🧵 1⃣ Default mode network

🥇 Endogenously mediated activities at rest
🥈 Self-referential and social cognitive processes,

🚫Not active during external goal-oriented processes

2/🧵

Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: clinical variants 🧠

🥸🤓

🐄

#CJD #Neurology #EndNeurophobia #Teaching

1/🧵

⏬One of my favorite 📚 about the topic (non medical and it focuses on familial forms) Introduction 🚨

As seen in other types of neurodegenerative disorders (AD), the main localization of the pathological process will give rise to the main symptoms.

"It's not about pathophysiology, it's about localization." 🧠🤓🥸

2/

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension: MRI features.

#Neurology #Neurotwitter #MRI #educational #Tweetorial

🪡

1/🧵 1⃣ Empty sella turcica (🏹)

🚨Flattened appearance of the pituitary gland against the floor of the sella turcica (🔼)

2/🧵

Dementia with Lewy Bodies:

Part 2️⃣ Biomarkers
🧠💊⚕️

#Neuro #Neurotwitter #Teaching #Education

#NotEverythingIsMemory

#Dementia

1/🧵 Introduction

What is a biomarker? 🏷🧪️

"A characteristic that is objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention." 🩸🧠

2/🧵

Dementia with Lewy Bodies:

Part 1️⃣ Clinical features and Probable Diagnosis
🧠📚🔖

#Neuro #Neurotwitter #Teaching #Education

#NotEverythingIsMemory

#Dementia

1/🧵 Introduction 🥇

DLB belongs to a family of disorders typically known as "synucleinopathies" 🔬

Other members are:

- MSA
- PD
- PDD

All of them have abnormal inclusions of α-Synuclein at a pathological level.

2/🧵

Frontal lobe: anatomy, history, Edgar Allan Poe and beyond, why not?
🧠📝✍️🕵️

Part 2: Areas and connections

"For the moon never beams, without bringing me dreams of the beautiful Annabel Lee." E. A. Poe.

#Neurology #Anatomy #Teaching #EndNeurophobia #Neurotwitter

1/🧵 ⚠️Disclaimer:
Due to the complexity of this structure, this tweetorial is composed of three main parts.

1️⃣ Gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy (sort of)
2️⃣ Areas and connections
3️⃣ Clinical Syndromes and curiosities

Hope you enjoy!

2/🧵

Frontal lobe: anatomy, history, Edgar Allan Poe and beyond, why not?
🧠📝✍️🕵️

Part 1: gross anatomy

"All that we see or seem is but a dream within a dream." - E. A. Poe.

#Neurology #Anatomy #Teaching #EndNeurophobia #Neurotwitter

1/🧵 ⚠️Disclaimer:
Due to the complexity of this structure, this tweetorial will be composed of three main parts.

1️⃣ Gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy (sort of)
2️⃣ Areas and connections
3️⃣ Clinical Syndromes and curiosities

Hope you enjoy!

2/🧵

#TweetorialsCollection

Feel free to share, use or download them if you find them useful!

I'll keep sharing what I learn/read, as long as I can.

Kaizen: continuously improve.

🧠

#Neurology #EndNeurophobia

👇🔽 NPH

https://twitter.com/MedinaRiojaMD/status/1561513508478586881?s=20&t=B1yeU8nJXcFi54_XOhOWFg

Anatomy of the cerebellum: the arbor vitae and more. 🧠🌳

🤔🧑‍🏫

#Neurology #Neurotwitter #Anatomy #Teaching #EndNeurophobia

Image from Bolk's "Das Cerebellum der Säugetiere" (1906)

1/🧵 Introduction

Part of the brain in charge of integration of massive sensory and other inputs from many regions of the brain and spinal cord.

Also called "little brain" due to it's etimological origin. 🧠

2/🧵

Higher-Level Gait Disorders (HLGD): a brief overview.
🚶🧠🦵

#Neuro #Neurotwitter #Neurology #Gait #Movement #Teaching

1/🧵 "It is likely possible to learn more about neurologic status from watching a patient walk than from any other single procedure, and observation of gait should always be part of a neurologic examination."
🧐🧠🥸

2/🧵

Seizure semiology and localization: not everything is generalized onset tonic-clonic. 🧠⛈️

Part 4: postictal features🗣️

Last one, finally.

🤔

#Neurology #neurotwitter #Teaching #Education #EndNeurophobia

1/🧵 🚨
This tweetorial is based on:
Epilepsy Behav. 2005 Aug;7(1):1-17.
doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2005.04.004
This paper was written using the previous classification system and some data may need an update, nevertheless I find it useful when teaching about seizure semiology. 📓

2/🧵

Right hemisphere and language. 🧠🗣️📢

Three lessons🧑‍🏫

#language #Neurology #NeuroTwitter #education

1⃣ Right inferior frontal and right mediodorsal
thalamus activity increase during executive processing.

1/🧵 2⃣Executive processing is required for sentence comprehension.

3⃣ Right frontal activity increases during sentence comprehension.

2/🧵

Seizure semiology and localization: not everything is generalized onset tonic-clonic. 🧠⛈️

Part 3: language features🗣️

🤔

#Neurology #neurotwitter #Teaching #Education #EndNeurophobia

1/🧵 Intro
The following symptoms are frequently seen in focal epilepsies.

2/🧵

Seizure semiology and localization: not everything is generalized onset tonic-clonic. 🧠⛈️

Part 2: motor symptoms

🤔

#Neurology #neurotwitter #Teaching #Education #EndNeurophobia

1/🧵 Intro
The following symptoms are frequently seen in focal and focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures.

2/🧵

In November 29, the World Movement Disorders day is celebrated.

#MoveDisorder #Neuro #Teaching #EndNeurophobia

1/🧵 That is a great reason for a small tweetorial on how to approach phenomenology, the key element of this branch in Neurology. 🧠

2/🧵

Seizure semiology and localization: not everything is generalized onset tonic-clonic. 🧠⛈️

Part 1: non motor symptoms

🤔

#Neurology #neurotwitter #Teaching #Education #EndNeurophobia

1/🧵 Intro
As the 2017 ILAE Classification of Seizure types states, there are many signs and symptoms that can have an epileptic origin. Some of them are motor and others are non motor.

2/🧵

Today's reflection: brain health. 🧠🏥

"Concentrating on brain health provides a logical, unifying,motivating, and promising approach to preventing disease. After all, the brain is the agent of all our actions and the mediator of all our experiences.

1/🧵 It is the only organ that cannot be transplanted and that can be changed literally by talking to it. It can perform 1 billion billion calculations per second and unlike artificial intelligence, can imagine, create, and anticipate.
🤯
2/🧵

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD): what Miguel de Cervantes and Cinderella taught us. 😴😴💤🧠🧠👸✍️

A brief tweetorial.

#Neuro #NeuroTwitter #EndNeurophobia #Teaching #NeuroEducation #Sleep #RBD

1/🧵 The following thread has the objective to describe (in a general way) the main features of RBD, for more details, feel free to check the sources that I will add at the end of the tweetorial.

2/🧵

Clinical pearl of the week ⚪️

Lower limb 🦵paraparesis + Babinski + Lack of marked spasticity + absent ankle reflexes = think myeloneuropathy syndrome.

1/ And...
Lower limb 🦵paraparesis + Babinski + Marked spasticity = think spastic paraparesis syndrome.

2/