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The Harappans tend to dominate any conversation about the early history of the Indian subcontinent but the truth is, there were many other ancient cultures that existed before, during and after the Harappans.
The story of these often forgotten ‘others’.
livehistoryindia.com/history-of-ind…
AHAR-BANAS CULTURE (3000–1900 BCE)South-Eastern Rajasthan
Among the earliest Chalcolithic cultures of India, 100+ sites, mostly along the Banas River valley that flows in Raj and tributary of Chambal River further east. Named after the site ‘Ahar’, where it was first discovered
GANESHWAR - JODHPURA CULTURE (2500 BCE)
Developing not very far from the Ahar culture was the Ganeshwar-Jodhpura culture in North-Eastern Rajasthan, the richest Chalcolithic culture vis-a-vis copper.
In pic: Copper objects excavated from Ganeshwar
KAYATHA CULTURE (2500 - 2000 BCE)
The Kayatha culture is known from 40 other sites located on the tributaries of the Chambal, though its the only one excavated. Ppl of this culture lived in small huts with well-ramd floors with wattle and daub walls supporting a thatched roof.
MALWA CULTURE (1900-1400 BCE)
They are known for their fortification-like walls. Navdatoli is enclosed by a fortified wall, Nagda had a bastion of mud bricks and Eran had a rampart with a moat.
In pic: Goblet from Navdatoli (1300 BCE)
JORWE CULTURE (1500 BCE - 900 BCE)
The burials in Inamgaon give us some great insights into the life and beliefs of the ppl who lived in this area over 3,000 years ago. Grains found in the vessels along with the burials also give us a sense of what they ate.
Remains of a skeleton with feet missing. This was found at Inamgaon and is kept at Deccan College, Pune
BURZAHOM (3000 BCE and 1000 BCE)
While #Kashmir falls out of the purview of Chalcolithic cultures discussed here, mention has to be made of the site of Burzahom, which was also contemporary to the #Harappans
Here, settlers lived in underground pit dwellings (possibly due to the extremely cold climate) and erected massive stone megaliths as commemorative markers for the dead.
In pic: Burzahom pit dwelling
SANAULI (2000 BCE)
This settlement coincides with the Late Harappan period. Sanauli yielded evidence of a ‘royal’ burial site and chariots that may have been pulled by horses, in May 2018.
In pic : Sanauli excavation site
#Livehistoryindia
While the Indian subcontinent provided all the favourable ecological conditions necessary to give birth to early farming communities and evolved Chalcolithic cultures, climatic changes were also the reason for their decline.

Read full story at livehistoryindia.com/history-of-ind…
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