📣Next up in our L1 series- @polkadotnetwork📣
Tldr; Polkadot is a blockchain network 👉 allows blockchains to communicate & pool security while still letting them run their own functions. Polkadot itself is designed to provide no inherent application functionality at all.
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Tldr; Polkadot is a blockchain network 👉 allows blockchains to communicate & pool security while still letting them run their own functions. Polkadot itself is designed to provide no inherent application functionality at all.
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Polkadot provides shared security for blockchains in its network → all blockchains add to the overall security (@cosmos has left it up to the Zones to secure their own networks)...
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...This means that in order to connect your blockchain you will need to accumulate DOTs → the security is rooted in the DOTs themselves, which creates a shared security model for the whole network.🤝
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Reasoning behind shared security:
Blockchains can get security from day one when they connect to Polkadot = individual chains can leverage collective security without having to start from scratch to gain traction and trust.
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Blockchains can get security from day one when they connect to Polkadot = individual chains can leverage collective security without having to start from scratch to gain traction and trust.
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Polkadot’s architecture consists of:
i) Parachains (in Cosmos: Zones),
ii) Relay chain (in Cosmos: Hub) and
iii) Bridges (in Cosmos: peg-zones).
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i) Parachains (in Cosmos: Zones),
ii) Relay chain (in Cosmos: Hub) and
iii) Bridges (in Cosmos: peg-zones).
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i) Parachains
Independent chains that are connected & secured by the Relay chain. Polkadot places no constraints over what parachains are able to do (incl. having their own token) besides that they must generate a proof that can be validated by the validators (Relay chain).
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Independent chains that are connected & secured by the Relay chain. Polkadot places no constraints over what parachains are able to do (incl. having their own token) besides that they must generate a proof that can be validated by the validators (Relay chain).
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ii) Relay chain
Polkadot’s core chain that connects and validates parachains. The Relay chain provides security to parachains and relays messages between them. The messages can be transactions or any arbitrary data.
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Polkadot’s core chain that connects and validates parachains. The Relay chain provides security to parachains and relays messages between them. The messages can be transactions or any arbitrary data.
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iii) Bridges
Bridges are special parachains that allow communication to independent blockchains that are NOT secured by Polkadot's relay chain → instead use their own security and consensus (eg. Bitcoin). Bridges are still in a concept-phase.
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Bridges are special parachains that allow communication to independent blockchains that are NOT secured by Polkadot's relay chain → instead use their own security and consensus (eg. Bitcoin). Bridges are still in a concept-phase.
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Participants in Polkadot’s network include:
i) Validators,
ii) Nominators,
iii) Collators, and
iv) Fishermen
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i) Validators,
ii) Nominators,
iii) Collators, and
iv) Fishermen
👇
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i) Validators:
Validators are staked full nodes that are responsible for securing & validating blocks to the Relay chain.
Validators receive potential blocks from collators in each parachain → if valid → include block headers in the relay chain.
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Validators are staked full nodes that are responsible for securing & validating blocks to the Relay chain.
Validators receive potential blocks from collators in each parachain → if valid → include block headers in the relay chain.
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ii) Nominators
Nominators select & stake validators. When the chosen validator is rewarded or punished, the nominator receives a corresponding reward or punishment.
Since validator slots will be limited, most of those who wish to stake their DOTs will be nominators.
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Nominators select & stake validators. When the chosen validator is rewarded or punished, the nominator receives a corresponding reward or punishment.
Since validator slots will be limited, most of those who wish to stake their DOTs will be nominators.
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iii) Collators
Parachains are maintained by collators. They maintain a full-node of the parachain and collect transactions in a parachain.
Collators propose valid blocks from parachains to validators on the Relay chain (to be included in the shared state of Polkadot).
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Parachains are maintained by collators. They maintain a full-node of the parachain and collect transactions in a parachain.
Collators propose valid blocks from parachains to validators on the Relay chain (to be included in the shared state of Polkadot).
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iv) Fishermen🎣
Are the final security frontier. They monitor the activity across the protocol to determine whether any of the other participants have acted in breach of the rules. Fishermen are rewarded upon demonstrating proof that a particular breach has occurred.
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Are the final security frontier. They monitor the activity across the protocol to determine whether any of the other participants have acted in breach of the rules. Fishermen are rewarded upon demonstrating proof that a particular breach has occurred.
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Token model 1/3
DOTs are used for staking & fees.
Fees are calculated based on four parameters:
1. Base fee (fixed)
2. Weight fee (based on usage of network)
3. tip (optional --> for higher priority)
4. Per-byte fee (storage fee based on size in bytes)
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DOTs are used for staking & fees.
Fees are calculated based on four parameters:
1. Base fee (fixed)
2. Weight fee (based on usage of network)
3. tip (optional --> for higher priority)
4. Per-byte fee (storage fee based on size in bytes)
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Token model 2/3
Parachains have their own accounts on the Relay Chain (issues transactions on the parachain's behalf).
Transaction fees are rewarded to validators and nominators who delegate to validators.
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Parachains have their own accounts on the Relay Chain (issues transactions on the parachain's behalf).
Transaction fees are rewarded to validators and nominators who delegate to validators.
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Token model 3/3
Inflation of DOTs is 10% in the first year. Depending on the staking participation, the distribution of the inflation will go to:
i) validators, or
ii) the treasury
This will change dynamically to provide incentives to participate in staking.
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Inflation of DOTs is 10% in the first year. Depending on the staking participation, the distribution of the inflation will go to:
i) validators, or
ii) the treasury
This will change dynamically to provide incentives to participate in staking.
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Governance 1/4
DOT tokenholders have complete control over the protocol. Polkadot’s governance includes a “Council” that consist of max 24 members.
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DOT tokenholders have complete control over the protocol. Polkadot’s governance includes a “Council” that consist of max 24 members.
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Governance 2/4
Anyone can propose a referendum by depositing a minimum amount of DOTs for a certain period. No matter whether the proposal is proposed by the public or council, it will have to go through a referendum (voting).
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Anyone can propose a referendum by depositing a minimum amount of DOTs for a certain period. No matter whether the proposal is proposed by the public or council, it will have to go through a referendum (voting).
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Governance 3/4
Council proposal: When all members of the council agree on a proposal --> moved straight to a referendum.
The council is called upon primarily for two tasks: proposing sensible referenda, and cancelling uncontroversially dangerous or malicious referenda.
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Council proposal: When all members of the council agree on a proposal --> moved straight to a referendum.
The council is called upon primarily for two tasks: proposing sensible referenda, and cancelling uncontroversially dangerous or malicious referenda.
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Governance 4/4
Every 30 days, a new referendum comes up for a vote (separate queues for council and public proposals). Votes are weighed based on amount staked + time locked (between 2-12 weeks).
→ minor tokenholders can influence by locking up DOTs for a longer time.
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Every 30 days, a new referendum comes up for a vote (separate queues for council and public proposals). Votes are weighed based on amount staked + time locked (between 2-12 weeks).
→ minor tokenholders can influence by locking up DOTs for a longer time.
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@kusamanetwork (an unrefined release of Polkadot) was launched in Aug 2019. Kusama is the testbed for projects launching on the Polkadot mainnet.
ICYMI → In Oct 2019 the @web3foundation and @polychaincap joined forces to launch the Polkadot Ecosystem Fund👏🏾📈
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ICYMI → In Oct 2019 the @web3foundation and @polychaincap joined forces to launch the Polkadot Ecosystem Fund👏🏾📈
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