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Happy birthday William Shakespeare, born #OTD in 1564! Despite being 456 years old, the Bard is still as relevant as ever because, like us, he too lived through an age of epidemics. #ShakespearesBirthday Title page of the First Folio, by William Shakespeare, with copper engraving of the author by Martin Droeshout, 1623.
Outbreaks of plague hit London repeatedly during Shakespeare’s professional life from between 1592-1609. Whenever more than 30 deaths were reported in a week, the London authorities closed the playhouses. #ShakespearesBirthday London map showing Shakespearean theatres, in the 16th and 17th century
In 1605-6, London was in lockdown, and Shakespeare’s acting company, the King’s Men, had to leave London and take to the road as an itinerant troupe, performing in rural, plague-free towns. #ShakespearesBirthday
Without the distractions of the Capital it also proved to be one of Shakespeare’s most creative periods as a playwright. He wrote three of his most famous tragedies: King Lear, Macbeth, and Antony and Cleopatra in that year. #ShakespearesBirthday Macbeth meets the three witches; scene from Shakespeare's 'Macbeth'. Wood engraving, 19th century.
Shakespeare never wrote a play directly about the plague, but there are multiple references to infectious disease throughout his works. In King Lear, written during the 1606 outbreak, the viciousness of Lear’s curse on his daughter Goneril must have been especially powerful. “But yet thou art my flesh, my blood, my daughter; Or rather a disease that's in my flesh, Which I must needs call mine: thou art a boil, A plague-sore, an embossed carbuncle, In my corrupted blood.”<br />
‘Romeo and Juliet’ has the most famous line about plague, in Mercutio’s dying curse: “A plague o' both your houses”. A line that signals the role of the plague in the tragedy that unfolds. #ShakespearesBirthday Title page of the second quarto edition (Q2) of William Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet printed by Thomas Creede in 1599.
When Juliet takes a sleeping draught to fake her own death, her priest sends a letter to Romeo which is never delivered as the messenger is quarantined in a town with suspected plague. Thus Romeo, believing that his Juliet is dead, kills himself over her seemingly lifeless body. “Suspecting that we both were in a house<br />
Where the infectious pestilence did reign,<br />
Sealed up the doors and would not let us forth.”
In 1602 Shakespeare's audiences were treated with a bit of light relief in the comedy Twelfth Night. When Olivia first meets Cesario (Viola), she is taken aback by her attraction for him and likens falling in love with catching the plague. #ShakespearesBirthday “Thy tongue, thy face, thy limbs, actions and spirit,<br />
Do give thee five-fold blazon: not too fast:<br />
soft, soft!<br />
Unless the master were the man. How now!<br />
Even so quickly may one catch the plague?”
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