Thx for having me @kstsosie @DecolonizeDNA! Today I will tweet about how ancient DNA (aDNA) 💀🧬can be used to revisit the historical record, & reconsider the stories of underrep & minoritized communities across the Americas 🧵1/ #DecolonizeDNA#DNADay (Img: Systema Solar)
aDNA is the🧬that persists in ancient tissues like 🦷🦴💀, or the remains of 🦌🌿🐀🐚. It can inform us about evolution, ancient diversity & health. But bc of its age, aDNA is degraded and easily contaminated so we must handle it using lots of PPE, like this! 2/ #DecolonizeDNA
aDNA🦴🧬+ other lines of evidence🔍📋🏺⚰️💀can reconstruct past events & their impact in the present. This is a powerful 🦸🏽✊🏽way to understand the experiences of ppls who were marginalized, excluded or misrepresented in the written historical record 📜3/ #DecolonizeDNA#DNADay
For ex: I study ancient Indigenous communities who lived in #PuertoRico🇵🇷& the Caribbean for >5K yrs ⌛️💪Thru #archaeology we know these were diverse & complex ppl w/dynamic interaction networks extending far beyond the Antilles 4/ #DecolonizeDNA#DNADay (Img: Hofman et al. 2018)
But Indigenous Caribbean ppls were also the 1st #NativeAmericans to experience European colonialism. BC of this our understanding of their story is fragmented & biased towards the colonizer's perspective as described in historical✍️🏻📜🎨 (like this painting) 🤨5/ #DecolonizeDNA
In 🇵🇷 & other Antilles, colonial documents say that native ppls died out by the 1600s. This led to common narratives of Indigenous extinction, despite the presence of islanders w/Indigenous cultural identities & oral histories 💬of Indigenous descent 🤔6/ #DecolonizeDNA#DNADay
These contrasting narratives, extinction vs survival, are fiercely debated 🔥in 🇵🇷, esp since 🧬 studies found present-day #boricuas#puertorican carry large proportions of Native American maternal ancestry in our mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA) 👵🏼🧬➡️👩🏻🧬➡️👶🏼🧬7/ #DecolonizeDNA
Did some of this mtDNA ancestry come from native island ppls who survived colonization? To find out my colleagues and I used aDNA 🦴🧬 to investigate the origins, diversity and genetic legacies of Puerto Rico's ancient communities 8/ #DecolonizeDNA#DNADaybit.ly/2yBoQkO
We sampled 🦴🦷of 124 ppl who lived at 3 pre-contact sites in 🇵🇷 incl. Tibes 👇. This was difficult bc aDNA does not preserve well in the tropics 🏝️🌞🌧️=☹️🧬. But we recovered 45 mtDNA genomes and compared them to those of modern islanders 9/ #DecolonizeDNA (Img: Enciclopedia PR)
But despite the large-scale population shifts brought by colonization, we found that three3⃣ pre-contact mtDNA lineages survived into the present-day within the genomes of present-day Puerto Ricans 🙀🇵🇷✊11/ #DecolonizeDNA#DNADay
Why does this matter? Well, in PR Indigenous ancestry is central to ethnic & national identity. Pre-contact art forms are symbols of #boricua culture & political empowerment (especially bc of our continued quasi-colonial status🇵🇷-🇺🇸, topic for another thread😉) 12/ #DecolonizeDNA
Yet this native pride coexists w/firmly grounded extinction narratives & the erasure of our Indigenous (& African) ancestors. Even my 10th grade history class textbook described 500 not 5,000 years of history! 🙄🤦🏻13/ #DecolonizeDNA#DNADay (Img: Amazon.com)
Indigenous activist & resurgent movements in the Caribbean & US diaspora have opposed the extinction narratives for yrs. But now 🧬 & 🦴🧬data are also influencing public discourse on Indigenous heritage, survival & identity 14/ #DecolonizeDNA (Img: americanindian.si.edu)
aDNA studies have identified🧬links btw present-day islanders & ancient Indigenous ppl. These findings challenge the prevailing colonial narratives describing the complete extinction of 🇵🇷 & Caribbean native communities 15/ #DecolonizeDNAbit.ly/3cNx8oB
Personally, I hope our work leads to a critical reassessment of contact period dynamics, further study of Indigenous Caribbean responses to colonization & a better understanding of native ppls role in shaping the current biocultural diversity of the Antilles 16/ #DecolonizeDNA
Our study also used aDNA to investigate the origins of pre-contact PR🇵🇷 communities & their relationship to other Caribbean groups. To read more about this check out our paper (bit.ly/2yBoQkO) & also see the work of others like @sankofadna @bitesizedna 17/ #DecolonizeDNA
Now the 🇵🇷 study is one example of how aDNA can revisit known history. But it's not the only one! Here is the work of a few other scholars who are also integrating aDNA w/other methods to study the past, and in so doing, disrupting hegemonic narratives✊ 18/ #DecolonizeDNA
.@RaquelFleskes et al. 2019 use aDNA + bioarch to investigate the identities of African ppls in the racialized labor system of 1700s Delaware. This work focuses on ppl whose experience was deliberately excluded from the ✍️📄 record 19/ #DecolonizeDNAbit.ly/2Vza0Es
More recently, Tung et al (2020) combine aDNA, bioarchaeology & isotopes to examine how native Andeans in Peru exhibited agency in resisting Spanish colonial rule for ~200 yrs thru their treatment of, & relationship, w/deceased ancestors 20/ #DecolonizeDNAbit.ly/2S3g1al
By contextualizing aDNA🦴🧬 with other lines of evidence🔍📋🏺⚰️🦴⚗️ , these studies investigate diverse human communities whose experiences were marginalized from the written historical record of the Americas 21/ #DecolonizeDNA#DNADay
To do this type of critical aDNA work its important to consider the perspectives of diverse & multidisciplinary scholars and input from descendant populations. After all, if our past only includes some of us, how can we expect the present to include us all? 23/n #DecolonizeDNA
In sum, aDNA is a powerful tool 🛠️ that can be leveraged to examine and problematize our understanding of history. We can use aDNA to ask novel Qs that reframe who is represented in our past, & to craft richer and more inclusive narratives of the human story 23/ #DecolonizeDNA
But of course, only while wearing the proper PPE! 😉😷24/N END 🧵 (Img: @Blevinske and me!)
Quick Img credit to Angel Cruz for the illustration in tweet 12 and to the Ceremonial Center of Tibes for tweet 23.
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We are excited to share our latest article which came out today in @AJHGNews! In this study we investigate genetic factors involved in preeclampsia (a severe complication of pregnancy) in a sample of Andean families 👪 from the Peruvian highlands🏔️ 1/n 🧵sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
@AJHGNews Why does this matter? Preeclampsia is a hypertensive complication of pregnancy that affects pregnant parents, esp. women, & their families worldwide 🤰🏻👩🏾🍼🤱🏽🫄🏻🌎. Its a major cause of premature birth, as well as maternal morbidity & mortality. 2/n figo.org/figo-releases-…
Despite this high health burden it's been hard to disentangle the genetic factors🧬 underlying this condition from the many env. & social factors that also impact risk; such as degree of access to healthcare🏥, family history (from both parents 👨👦👩👦!), co-morbidities, etc. 3/n
@StoneLab_ASU@AWRgenes@Conydelafc@DNATimeTravel@cdbustamante Here we use aDNA to examine the genetic 🧬diversity of ancient Indigenous communities who inhabited 🇵🇷 before European contact. I want to share my thoughts on why our work is important, both for me personally, and for Caribbean anthropology more broadly 2/n
@StoneLab_ASU@AWRgenes@Conydelafc@DNATimeTravel@cdbustamante The archaeological record tells us that 🇵🇷 & the Caribbean were inhabited by Indigenous ppl for over 5K yrs! But, due to contrasting archaeological evidence the origins of these communities are still disputed 3/n (Image: Fitzpatrick 2015)