The distinction between 'assumptions', `predictions' and `knowledge' is superbly drawn out in Nyaya-Vaisheshika. So is the distinction between correlation and causation. People who created this philosophy were geniuses. With the knowledge at hand, they made impressive advances.
What these people had achieved in the pre-Christian era was astonishing. The principles of inductive reasoning, the idea->hypothesis->testing->result chain are all explored awesomely. Hindus working in AI should honestly read all this - there are fantastic insights to be got.
Sadly, I am working my way backwards [but it had to be that way, since books like ತರ್ಕಸಂಗ್ರಹ (তর্কসংগ্রহ, తర్కసంగ్రహ, തര്കസംഗ്രഹ, 𑆠𑆫𑇀𑆑𑆱𑆁𑆓𑇀𑆫𑆲, 𑌤𑌰𑍍𑌕𑌸𑌂𑌗𑍍𑌰𑌹) are essential before one can examine the more detailed aspects of this logic]. Long way to go yet.
