Thread by @INDArtCulture

𝐁𝐔𝐃𝐃𝐇𝐈𝐒𝐌

- Founded by Gautama Buddha.

- Born as Prince Siddhartha at Lumbini near Kapilavastu (in present Nepal) in 563 BC.

- He was the son of Suddhodhana and Mahamaya.

- Born into the royal family of Shakya - ‘Sakyamuni’.

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- At 29 - left home and rejected his life of riches

- At 35 - Gautama attained enlightenment at Bodhgaya in Bihar

- First sermon – Sarnath – Dharma chakra Pravartana

- Died at the age of 80 in 483 BCE at Kushinagara – Mahaparinirvana

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𝐅𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐍𝐨𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐓𝐫𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐬

- Suffering (dukkha) is the essence of the world.

- Every suffering has a cause – Samudya.

- Suffering could be extinguished – Nirodha.

- It can be achieved by following the Atthanga Magga (Eight Fold Path)

𝐄𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭-𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐝 𝐏𝐚𝐭𝐡𝐬

- Right view
- Right intention
- Right speech
- Right action
- Right livelihood
- Right mindfulness
- Right effort
- Right concentration

𝐏𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐬𝐡𝐢𝐥

- Violence

- Stealing

- Sexual misconduct

- Lying or gossip

- Taking intoxicating substances e.g. drugs or drink

𝐓𝐡𝐫𝐞𝐞 𝐏𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐤𝐚𝐬

- Vinaya Pitaka - rules of conduct and discipline

- Sutta Pitaka - main teaching or Dhamma of Buddha.

- Abhidhamma Pitaka - philosophical analysis and scholarly activities of monks

𝐁𝐮𝐝𝐝𝐡𝐢𝐬𝐭 𝐂𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐥𝐬

- Important turning points in early Buddhism.

- 4 major Buddhist councils were convened

- Buddhism was divided into two sects namely Mahayana and Hinayana

𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐨𝐥𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐁𝐮𝐝𝐝𝐡𝐢𝐬𝐦

𝐌𝐚𝐡𝐚𝐲𝐚𝐧𝐚:

- believes in the heavenliness of Buddha and Bodhisattvas

- believes in the Idol worship of Buddha

- originated in northern India and then spread east into Central Asia, East Asia, and some areas of Southeast Asia.

- Buddhist schools embedded in China, Korea, Tibet and Japan belong to the Mahayana tradition.

- More liberal; used Sanskrit

- As per lotus sutra – 6 perfections to be followed by individuals - Dana, Sila, Ksnati, VIrya, DHyana, PRaajna

- Subsect - Vajrayana

𝐕𝐚𝐣𝐫𝐚𝐲𝐚𝐧𝐚

- Tribal & Primitive people

- Influence of Shaivism

- Main deity – Tara

- Based on Mahayana Buddhism

- Believes in Tantra, Mantra, and Yantras - tantric Buddhism.

- Tibet, Bhutan, Mongolia

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𝐇𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐲𝐚𝐧𝐚

- believes in the original teaching of Buddha

- not believe in Idol worship

- self-discipline and meditation for Nirvana

- Used Pali language – Ashoka Patronized

- Subsect – Sthavirvada or Theravada

𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐯𝐚𝐝𝐚

- most ancient branch

- closest to the original teachings of the Buddha

- Pali – Successor of Hinayan School

- Samatha & Vipassana

- Believes in the concept of Vibhajjavada

- Vikramashila Unversity

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- Visuddhimagga by Buddhaghosh in 5th Cen CE in Sri Lanka

- The dominant form of religion in Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and Thailand.

𝐒𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐝 𝐨𝐟 𝐁𝐮𝐝𝐝𝐡𝐢𝐬𝐦

- Monks - organized into Sangha for the purpose of spreading his teachings.

- After the bloodbath in his Kalinga conquest/war,

- Ashoka - decided to adopt Dhamma

- Missionary efforts of Ashoka spread Buddhism in West Asia.

𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐁𝐨𝐝𝐡𝐢𝐬𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐯𝐚

𝐀𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐨𝐤𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐬𝐡𝐯𝐚𝐫𝐚

- One of the three protective deities around Buddha

- Holding lotus flower(Padmapani) – found at Ajanta Caves

- Bodhisattva by compassion

- Depicted – female

- Incarnate – Dalai Lama

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𝐕𝐚𝐣𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐚𝐧𝐢

- One of the three protective deities around Buddha

- depicted at Ajanta Caves

- Powers of Buddha

- Powers of all 5 Tathagatas

𝐊𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐠𝐚𝐫𝐛𝐡𝐚

- Depicted Buddhist monk

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𝐌𝐚𝐧𝐣𝐮𝐬𝐫𝐢

- One of the three protective deities around Buddha

- depicted at Ajanta Caves

- wisdom of Buddha

𝐒𝐚𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐡𝐚𝐝𝐫𝐚

- Practice and meditation

- With Buddha and Manjusri – Shakyamuni Trinity

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𝐌𝐚𝐢𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐲𝐚

- Laughing Buddha

𝐕𝐚𝐬𝐮𝐝𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐚

- Wealth, prosperity, abundance

- Popular in Nepal

𝐒𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐚𝐩𝐚𝐭𝐫𝐚

- She is contemplated as a protector against supernatural danger

- Worship in both Mahayana and Vajrayana

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𝐌𝐮𝐝𝐫𝐚𝐬

- Abhay Mudra – Fearlessness

- Dhammachakra Mudra – Continuous energy of the cosmic order

- Vitaraka Mudra – Teaching and Discussion

- Dhyan Mudra – Meditation, Concentration

- Karana Mudra – warding off the devil

- Bhumisparsha Mudra – calling the earth to witness the truth (enlightenment)

- Vajra Mudra – symbolize the unity of five worldly elements – stress on imp of knowledge in the spiritual world

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𝐔𝐍𝐄𝐒𝐂𝐎’𝐬 𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐬 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐁𝐮𝐝𝐝𝐡𝐢𝐬𝐦:

- Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara at Nalanda, Bihar

- Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi, MP

- Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya, Bihar

- Ajanta Caves Aurangabad, Maharashtra

𝐑𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐝𝐞𝐜𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞:

- Rituals

- Language

- Corrupt practices in some sect

- Conflicts

- Reforms within the Hinduism

References:

-indiaculture.nic.in
-Britannica
-ccrtindia.gov.in
-Indian Art & Culture by Nitin Singhania
-Indian Art & Culture by Gaurav Agarwal

Please find PDF here

drive.google.com/file/d/1fGQCAj…