Thread by @INDArtCulture

𝐒𝐢𝐤𝐡𝐢𝐬𝐦, 𝐙𝐨𝐫𝐨𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐬𝐦, 𝐈𝐬𝐥𝐚𝐦, 𝐂𝐡𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐲 & 𝐉𝐮𝐝𝐚𝐢𝐬𝐦

𝑺𝒊𝒌𝒉𝒊𝒔𝒎

- Sikh - Punjabi language means disciple

- believe in one God

- Established by Guru Nanak (1469–1539)

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- Guru Hargobind – set a trend of militancy and organized army – First one to grid the two swords as the symbol – Piri-Miri –Combination of Bhakti and Shakti

- Sikhs believe in single spirit.

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- After the death of 10th, Guru Gobind Singh (1666–1708) - Guru Granth Sahib (Adi Granth - regarded as the sole Guru.

- Guru Arjan completed the establishment of Amritsar as the capital of the Sikh

- only One God (Ek Onkar "Ek" is One and "Onkar" is God

- Right belief, right worship, right conduct

- free community kitchen - Langar

- Basic Sikh principles of service, humility, and equality

- Four Rituals: Sikh Rahit Maryada - specifies the duties of Sikhs, names four rituals that qualify as rites of passage

The three duties:

- Nam Japna: Keeping God in mind at all times.

- Kirt Karna: Earning an honest living.

- Vand Chhakna: Giving to charity and caring for others.

5 k’s – Kachcha, Kesh, Kangha, Kirpan, Kara

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Important Gurudwaras in Sikhism

- Akal Takhat Sahib
- Takht Sri Keshgarh
- Takht Sri Damdama Sahib
- Takht Sri Patna Sahib
- Takht Sri Hazur Sahib in Nanded
- Nankana Sahib (Pakistan)
- Gurudwara Darbar Sahib (Kartarpur, Pakistan)

𝑰𝒔𝒍𝒂𝒎

- Originated in the Arabian peninsula – 7th Cen AD

- Islam – Submission to God

- Both Islam and Christian shares Abraham as a common ancestor

- Message of god to Profate Mohammad –

- Initiallly – leave his home in Mecca and Migrated to Madina

- After successful coup – came back to Mecca

- Travel back to Mecca –Holy route – Hajj

- Islamic laws – Sharia

- Four major school of thoughts – Hanafi, Shafei, Maliki, and Hambali

- Only one Allah

- Day of Judgement

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- Muslim should offer Namaz 5 times a day

- Friday – Juma Namaz

- Keep fast in the month of Ramzan - ends with Eid celebration

- 2 major sects – Shia and Sunni – Difference between the

- Quran is the message of Allah revealed to Mohammad through his archangel Gabriel

Two sects are based on the successor

- Shai – Prophet’s successor – Ali

- Sunni - Prophet’s successor – Abu Bakr

The five fundamental principles of Islam are:
- Tauhid (belief in Allah)
- Namaz (prayers)
- Roza (fasting)
- Zakat (giving of alms)
- Haj (pilgrimage to Mecca)

𝑪𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒚

- Founded by Jesus Christ in Jerusalem

- Two major divisions – the Roman Catholic Church and the Protestant church.

- Christianity was brought to India by Saint Thomas in the 52CE and worked in Kerala and Tami Nadu – Conversion

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- Buried in Mylapore at the cathedral of St.Thomas in Chennai

- Portuguese brought missionaries

- 1557 onwards – St. Francis Xavier - made goa an Archbishopric

- Second phase – in 18th cen. – they reached to Bengal and started huge conversions

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- Nowadays, Young Men’s Christian Association(YMCA) and YMWA take messages of christ to tribal parts of India to convert locals – provide them education and medicine

- Basis of Roman catholic Christianity - Vatican City

- Existence of one god

- Holi Trinity – Father(god), Son(Jejus) and Holy ghost

- Sacred text – Bible

- One of the main practice – Baptism - any individual enters the church service

- Eucharist – signifies unity in being

- Christians known as Syrian Christians cont. to reside in Kerala even today

𝒁𝒐𝒓𝒐𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒊𝒔𝒎

- Founded by Zarathushtra or Zoroaster, in 8th century BCE.

- Remained the dominant religion till the 8th century CE when Muslims conquered this region - Parsis migrated

- monotheism in the region – believed in one eternal god- Ahura Mazda

- In India – 936CE when fleed from Iran – Commonly known as Parsis

- Worship of Fire

- Fire temple – Atash Bahram – Only eight exist in the country

- Sacred text – Zend Avesta – contain 17 sacred songs(gathas)

- Athuna Vairyo – Sacred Chant

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- Text and compiled glossaries - Zend

- Collection divided into Five parts
Yasna, Videvdat, Yashts, Khordeh Avesta, Gathas

- Gathas divided into 5 parts- Ahunavaiti, Ushtavaiti, Spenta-Mainyu, Vohu-Khshathra, Vashishta-Ishti

- Placed dead bodies in open to be eaten by the vultures

- Open spaces- Dakhma and Vulture eat them – Dakhma Nashini

- Tower of Silence – Mumbai

𝑱𝒖𝒅𝒂𝒊𝒔𝒎

- One of the oldest religion – Jews

- Hitler- Killed millions of Jews in Germany

- Monotheist religion believes in one god

- Jews believe in Yahweh – One true god – Instituted by Abraham

- Religious book – Torah

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- Ethical writing and Jewish history – Talmud

- Separate prayer halls and Synagogues

- Follow religious services – Eliyahu-hanavi

- Abraham – ancestor of Jews

- His son Isaac and Grandson Jacob(Israel) – blessed by god

- God sent Moses to earth- gave him the Ten Commandment (Sefer Torah) at Mt. Sinai – clarifies how Israelis should live

- Jacob’s 12 children who became ancestors – Bene Israel (Children of Israel)

- All men Jews have to wear Tsisith

5 Major Jewish communities in India
- Malayalam speaking Cochinis
- Baghdadi Jews – came from West Asia
- Marathi speaking – Bene Israel
- Bnei Menashe (Manipuri Jews)
- Bene Ephraim –a small group of Telugu speaking jews

References-
-india.gov.in
-IndianExpress
-Indian Art & Culture by Nitin Singhania
-Indian Art & Culture by Gaurav Agarwal

Please find the PDF here

drive.google.com/file/d/1cZHfhU…