Careful composition in Genesis 2-3.

The 4 rivers of Genesis 2 are progressively easier to locate.

So descriptions get progressively shorter.

Pishon, far, otherwise unknown: 20 words.

Gihon, far, but name known from near Jerusalem: 10.

Tigris, far: 8.

Euphrates, known: 4. Image
River 1 has 2x the words of River 2.

River 3 has 2x the words of River 4.

Only River 4 is introduced as a known name.

River 1 is the only one connected with exotic precious materials.

So don't be surprised if you struggle to find River 1.

Treasure is not so easy to find now.
Only a chapter later, word numbers again appear in patterns.

The man excuses himself in 10 words.

The woman in 3.

The serpent is judged in 33.

The woman in 13 (10 + 3)

The man in 46 (33 + 13) Image
These patterns might appear by chance or with hidden meanings.

But I tend to see them rather as signs of textual stability following careful composition with an occasional rhetorical kick.

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More from @DrPJWilliams

4 Jul
THREAD: Learning Greek to read the New Testament.

For anyone interested in the NT I recommend learning Greek to help you follow details more closely.

This thread reviews some of the ways you can do that.

Others are welcome to use it to advertise their favourite Greek links.
I'm a pedagogical pluralist, which means that I'm happy to encourage many different ways of learning.

The key ingredients for a course or teacher are:

(1) competence
(2) ability to inspire

The order in which you learn topics, or the pronunciation you use matter far less.
I also want to say up front that you should not be afraid of learning a little Greek.

'A little knowledge is a dangerous thing' doesn't apply provided you know that you know little and surround yourself with people who know more.
Read 18 tweets
26 Jun
THREAD: Wife-Sister narratives in Genesis.

3x in Genesis a patriarch claims his beautiful wife is his sister, from fear of being killed by locals out to get her (chs 12, 20, 26).

Stories are united by the word הָרַג ‘kill’ which does not occur in the intervening narratives. Image
The narratives are also united by the rebuke of the pagan king to the patriarch:

12:18 ‘What is this you’ve done to us?’ מַה־זֹּ֖את עָשִׂ֣יתָ לִּ֑י

20:9 ‘What have you done to us?’ מֶֽה־עָשִׂ֤יתָ לָּ֙נוּ֙

26:10 ‘What is this you have done to us?’ מַה־זֹּ֖את עָשִׂ֣יתָ לָּ֑נוּ
Each story shares significant features with one other story, but not with both: Image
Read 20 tweets
3 May
A thread on 'finally' in Paul's letters.

(Thanks to @jeremytreat5 who inspired me to dig)

This usage occurs 6x: 2 Cor 13:11; Eph 6:10; Phil 3:1; 4:8; 1 Thess 4:1; 2 Thess 3:1.

It's furthest from end in Phil 3:1, but still some way to go in 1 Thess 4:1.
Although 5/6 are followed by 'siblings' & mean the same, no two are alike in Greek:

2 Cor 13:11 Λοιπόν, ἀδελφοί
Eph 6:10 Τοῦ λοιποῦ
Phil 3:1 Τὸ λοιπόν, ἀδελφοί μου
Phil 4:8 Τὸ λοιπόν, ἀδελφοί
1 Thess 4:1 Λοιπὸν οὖν, ἀδελφοί
2 Thess 3:1 Τὸ λοιπόν, προσεύχεσθε, ἀδελφοί
'Finally' is a latecomer, mainly an innovation of the KJV (1611).

KJV has 'finally' for 5/6, but 'furthermore' for 1 Thess 4:1.

Then RV & its children (ASV, RSV, ESV) have 'finally' for all 6.

NIV has 'finally', 'further' & 'as for other matters' each 2/6.
Read 9 tweets
1 Apr
Thread (2nd expanded edition) on Jesus’s Parable of the Two Sons (Luke 15:11-32)

This remarkable story of <400 words is both stunningly simple & packed with layers of meaning & deep allusions which outwit the most knowledgeable audiences.
It’s 3rd in a series of 3 stories about what is lost:

1/100 sheep lost

1/10 coins lost

Then 2 sons, both lost, though 1 is found again, & the fate of the other depends on the audience's response.
As @jamesbejon points out in an inspirational thread



The sheep is lost by going away

The coin is lost staying at home

This story tells of two sons, 1 lost by going away & the other lost at home.
Read 64 tweets
2 Feb
I've argued that Judges & Ruth fit together.

Now how Ruth & 1 Samuel fit together.

There are numerous connections, esp. between the last ch. of Ruth & 1 Sam 1.

E.g. unique phrases:

Ruth 4:15 "she is more to you than seven sons"

1 Sam 1:8 "Am I not more to you than ten sons?"
Both books begin with Ephrathites/Ephraimites (Ruth 1:1 & 1 Sam 1:1)

Naomi self-describes as Mara 'bitter' (Ruth 1:20)

Hannah is described, by the same root, as 'bitter of soul' marath naphesh (1 Sam 1:10)

Both have 'give seed' in a wish (Ruth 4:12; 1 Sam 1:11)
Both have 'God of Israel' in a wish:

'may a full reward be given you by the LORD, the God of Israel' (Ruth 2:12)

'may the God of Israel grant your request' (1 Sam 1:17)

Adjacent chapters both have 'and she bore a son' (וַתֵּלֶד בֵּן, Ruth 4:13; 1 Sam 1:20) & naming
Read 6 tweets

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