Thread by @AMFChina

Despite its institutional shortcomings the European Union should not be oblivious of its considerable power. The power I am talking about is not the power of an aspiring hegemon, but of a civilian power which is mindful of its considerable leverage in global affairs 1/5

When talking about the European Union's bargaining leverage vis-à-vis China, let's not forget that the European Union can make good use of three forms of leverage: negative, positive and normative leverage (David M. Anderson, 2014) 2/5

springer.com/gp/book/978331…

Negative leverage (leverage based upon the capacity to make the other side worse off), e.g. by restricting party-state backed investments in European industries which are of national security importance to the EU & its member states 3/5

uk.reuters.com/article/uk-eu-…

Positive leverage (a needs-based leverage based on what the other side desires), e.g. by only agreeing to hold high level meetings with CCP officials when there has been tangible progress in terms of political liberalisation & human rights protection 4/5

france24.com/en/20200622-eu…

Normative leverage (the use of standards and norms, considered legitimate by both sides, to gain advantage or protect one’s position), e.g. by highlighting best European practices in democratic institution building, corporate social responsibility, environmental protection /End

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