I am surprised to find a list of errors in @ajaishukla 's noted @nytopinion piece (for @BasharatPeer?):
1. "British colonial authorities bequeathed India a border with China".. no such border was bequeathed. Curzon sent the Younghusband expedition into Tibet which killed Tibetans
1. "British colonial authorities bequeathed India a border with China".. no such border was bequeathed. Curzon sent the Younghusband expedition into Tibet which killed Tibetans
Younghusband was a friend of India, author of Dawn of India etc gutenberg.org/files/48996/48…, his diplomatic & military invasion of Gyantze Lhasa in 1903-4 also seen as an insult by China who could do nothing; yes Mao et al were determined to avenge it... independentindian.com/2008/01/15/les…
As I discovered when I looked into this in 2007/8: "there appeared to be Russian intrigues with the Dalai Lama via the Russian/Mongolian agent Dorjiev who had transmitted Russian ideas of extending its new Siberian railway to Lhasa and posting Cossack soldiers there.
The Russians seemed to want to adopt the Dalai Lama given his religious influence over Mongolia. The British were alarmed and determined to annihilate the influence of Dorjiev which they did. Thence came the Anglo-Russian Treaty of 1907...
... McMahon Line, as a recognition of the traditional boundary, flowed naturally from the legitimacy of the Anglo-Russian Treaty. As for Sinkiang, though a Chinese province since 1884 it came to be ruled by warlords under Russian influence...." independentindian.com/2008/01/15/les…
The Dalai Lama at the time of Younghusband's expedition, as published in his book... gutenberg.org/files/48996/48… 
2a. "In 1962, the border dispute flared into a war."
2b. "China won conclusively but retreated after a ceasefire to what were broadly its prewar positions"
These statements are misleading at best: Dogra JK apparently never sent a patrol to #AksaiChin where indeed no grass grows.
2b. "China won conclusively but retreated after a ceasefire to what were broadly its prewar positions"
These statements are misleading at best: Dogra JK apparently never sent a patrol to #AksaiChin where indeed no grass grows.
My recollection was independent🇮🇳also sent no patrol, when we did in the mid or late 1950s we discovered🇨🇳road construction between Tibet and Sinkiang underway or almost complete, definitely a fait accompli... the road can be seen in the lower left corner independentindian.com/2009/06/08/map…
A few days ago @MandeepBajwa informed me we did send a patrol in 1952 which found PRC traces but no road ... the road was built between 1952 and 1957... and later Indian patrols found it a fait accompli...
This fact is central. 🇨🇳had done to us in🇮🇳what Czarist 🇷🇺had done to them half a century earlier... "China is our India"🇷🇺told🇬🇧during the Anglo Russian Treaty... "China building a road surreptitiously between Sinkiang and Tibet through Aksai Chin was reminiscent of Russia’s
coercive behaviour against China in building the Trans-Siberian Railway through Chinese territory to Vladivostok. At worst, the Indians would have to admit that erstwhile
J&K State since October 1947 had become an ownerless entity whose unclaimed territory had been carved up by force by the new Pakistan, new India and new China..." independentindian.com/2008/01/15/les…
With "China won conclusively but retreated after a ceasefire to what were broadly its prewar positions" @ajaishukla has trivialized🇨🇳motivation, rendering it meaningless. I'd informed him in 2016 Kulke & Rothermund got the PRC motivation precisely correct:
All talk of🇮🇳air superiority @IAF_MCC over🇨🇳at the time seems to me absurd: we didn't know where they were on the ground let alone find them from the air.. We "trained & fought like the British Army, unimaginative, elephantine, rule-bound and road-bound" independentindian.com/2007/12/04/sur…
Galbraith then @USAmbIndia wrote to JFK “The great question is what the Chinese intend…. The Indians have consistently underestimated Chinese intentions…. the Indian Army in its command, organisation, tactics and equipment is extremely old-fashioned.
The individual soldiers carry personal arms 60 yrs old and this can hardly give them the feeling of equality w opponents carrying modern light automatic weapons. The tactics are stuffy and rigid… Some of the commanders are very good. More still are the amiable frauds
that rise to the top in any peacetime Army… ” independentindian.com/2007/12/04/sur… The #PLA using Lin Biao's techniques were battle hardened from Korea and stocked with old US Japanese Soviet weapons... they didn't use the roads but went into the Assam NEFA jungle...
the attack & mysterious withdrawal after a month by🇨🇳in the Assam NEFA region was less crucial than the fact they *didn't* withdraw in Ladakh!
I subtitled my 2007 independentindian.com/2007/11/05/chi…
"German Historians Discover Logic Behind Communist Military Strategy"...
I subtitled my 2007 independentindian.com/2007/11/05/chi…
"German Historians Discover Logic Behind Communist Military Strategy"...
"This harping on the legal position in the northeast was a tactical move made in order to build up a bargaining position with regard to #AksaiChin where the Chinese could not raise similar claims… the Chinese were gone (from the NE) before the supply lines could be cut.
But why did they do this? They wanted to divert attention from their moves in the northwest, where they did reach the Karakorum Pass in a swift offensive and did not withdraw as they had done in the east.”
Hermann Kulke and Dietmar Rothermund *History of India*, 1998, pp 321-2.
Hermann Kulke and Dietmar Rothermund *History of India*, 1998, pp 321-2.
Thus @ajaishukla claiming🇨🇳"retreated after a ceasefire to what were broadly its prewar positions" is plainly wrong... they withdrew in the NE, they absolutely did not in Ladakh which is where their strategic interest lay in the road they'd built thru 🇮🇳 territory...
Next one has to wonder if @BasharatPeer, @nytopinion editor of @ajaishukla s article?, was allowed by the author to intervene heavily in the text; is this a Peer-Shukla paper? @ajaishukla is🇮🇳; @BasharatPeer tho born so apparently declares himself not so.. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basharat_…
Or one has to wonder where @ajaishukla got the idea
3. "the northern state of Jammu and Kashmir, **which is** disputed among🇮🇳🇵🇰🇨🇳" (emphasis added).
Has @ajaishukla had any doubt the territory🇮🇳forces have held since 1949 which @PMOIndia made into two UTs on 5 Aug is🇮🇳?
3. "the northern state of Jammu and Kashmir, **which is** disputed among🇮🇳🇵🇰🇨🇳" (emphasis added).
Has @ajaishukla had any doubt the territory🇮🇳forces have held since 1949 which @PMOIndia made into two UTs on 5 Aug is🇮🇳?
His editor @BasharatPeer is according to Peer's wife's en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ananya_Va… wikipedia entry, "a Kashmiri separatist based in New York". If the @ajaishukla paper is joint w Peer this needed to be stated. Or this "Kashmiri separatist based in New York" has slipped in his views.
By any legal theory -- whether the "usual" idea of Hari Singh's "Accession" (imo false) or mine based on (a) Ambedkar on Paramountcy (b) Abdullah to the @UN Feb 1948 "Aggression is the issue, not Accession" -- the territory @PMOIndia @rammadhavbjp altered in status on 5Aug is 🇮🇳.
Does @ajaishukla doubt that? If he doesn't, he needs to clarify he doesn't agree with what was published under his name on that important point due to intervention of his "Kashmiri separatist based in New York" @nytopinion editor. If in doubt, start here independentindian.com/2006/07/03/law…
4. "Beijing objected... as undermining China’s territorial sovereignty... warned, “Such practice is unacceptable and will not come into force.” New Delhi ignored it....But Beijing had neither forgotten nor forgiven." Excuse me? "But Beijing had neither forgotten nor forgiven"?!..
Is this "But Beijing had neither forgotten nor forgiven" intended by @ajaishukla or again something inserted by his "Kashmiri separatist based in New York" @nytopinion editor @BasharatPeer? #AksaiChin has been routinely included in🇮🇳maps... just as🇹🇼has been included in🇨🇳maps...
These are v fine vital depictions by Geographer Mr Amit Sengupta @amitsengupta01 of the #Galwan #Ladakh area and the🇨🇳aggression/encroachment against🇮🇳
youtube.com/watch?v=iZOmel…
youtube.com/watch?v=jC9yMJ… @n_suri2004 @StratManOne @Vedmalik1 @adgpi @NMenonRao @HardeepSPuri @PMOIndia
youtube.com/watch?v=iZOmel…
youtube.com/watch?v=jC9yMJ… @n_suri2004 @StratManOne @Vedmalik1 @adgpi @NMenonRao @HardeepSPuri @PMOIndia
