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Prof. Akiko Iwasaki Profile picture
@VirusesImmunity
Aug 26, 2020 • 7 tweets • 6 min read • Read on X
Men are at higher risk of developing more severe #COVID than women. Our paper out today by @taka_takehiro @Muhellingson Pat Wong @BenIsraelow @carolilucas @sneakyvirus1 Julio Silva @tianyangmao et al examines sex differences in immune response 👇🏽 (1/n)

nature.com/articles/s4158…
Here is a link to an accessible article. (2/n)

rdcu.be/b6tiP
Here is an earlier thread I wrote about this study.

We find that men decline in T cell responses as they age, and this correlates with worsening of #COVID disease. Women, even in old age, were able to stimulate T cell immunity. (3/n)

For a great report by @apoorva_nyc on this study in @nytimes please read this. (4/n)

この研究の内容を紹介する記事。共同通信より。
男性は重症化しやすい？　新型コロナ、免疫に性差 (5/n)

47news.jp/news/5182566.h…
We are so grateful to the @WHRYale for their support of this study and for making this awesome video 👇🏽 (6/n)

We could not have done this study without a huge number of Yale IMPACT collaborators from @YaleMed @YaleSPH @YaleNursing and especially all the patients who volunteered to donated their blood samples and NP swabs for this study 🙏🏼 🙏🏼 🙏🏼 (end) ImageImage

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More from @VirusesImmunity

Prof. Akiko Iwasaki Profile picture
Nov 8
Happy to share our latest work by @YYexin et al. on antibody-mediated control of endogenous retroviruses in mice. In the process, we found “natural antibodies” with broad reactivity against enveloped viruses. Here is how “panviral” antibodies work 🧵(1/)

science.org/doi/10.1126/sc…
Endogenous retroviruses (ERV) are remnants of genetic invaders that have integrated into our ancestors' genomes over millions of years. ERVs occupy ~8% of the human genome and are under constant host immune surveillance. (2/)
nature.com/articles/nrg31…
nature.com/articles/nrmic…
This work started over 7 years ago when @YYexin and @rebecca_treger began to examine why ERVs reactivate in certain mouse strains. Through many genetic crosses, we figured out that secreted IgM recruits complement to suppress infectious ERV from emerging. (3/) Image
Read 16 tweets
Prof. Akiko Iwasaki Profile picture
Oct 13
This time, we developed a nasal booster vaccine for influenza viruses. In this preprint, @MiyuMoriyama et al. show that nasal boosters with unadjuvanted hemagglutinin protein induce sterilizing immunity in mice against flu. (1/)
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
This work builds on the Prime and Spike vaccine strategy by @tianyangmao @BenIsraelow et al. against COVID where mRNA vaccine followed by nasal booster with recombinant spike protein established local immunity, ⬇️ infection & transmission in rodents. (2/)
science.org/doi/10.1126/sc…
For Prime and HA against flu, @MiyuMoriyama tested several different mRNA IM prime and nasal HA booster doses, followed by a homologous influenza virus challenge. Like Prime and Spike, no adjuvant is needed for the nasal booster due to preexisting immunity from Prime. (3/) Image
Read 11 tweets
Prof. Akiko Iwasaki Profile picture
Oct 11
Much-needed data on the genetics of #longCOVID in a new preprint by @23andMeResearch - GWAS of #LongCOVID identified 3 loci pointing to immune and thrombo-inflammatory mechanisms 🔥 @ninaadsc
1) HLA-DQA1–HLA-DQB
2) ABO
3) BPTF–KPAN2–C17orf58
(1/)
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…Image
Among research participants who reported acute SARS-CoV2 infection, 64,384 participants reported to have experienced Long COVID and 178,537 participants did not. Their analytical cohort consisted of 54,390 cases and 124,777 controls 👇🏼 (2/) Image
The top locus was in the HLA-DQA1–HLA-DQB intergenic region. Further analysis showed that HLA alleles HLA-DRB1*11:04, HLA-C*07:01, HLA-B*08:01, and HLA-DQA1*03:01 were significantly associated with #LongCOVID. In other words, crucial genes for T cell target detection! (3/)
Read 8 tweets
Prof. Akiko Iwasaki Profile picture
Oct 4
Keynote talk by @MichaelPelusoMD. “#LongCovid is not a mystery anymore. Working with patients, I have optimism that we can figure this out.” #YaleCIISymposium Image
An excellent framework in thinking about the pathogenesis of #LongCovid
@MichaelPelusoMD Image
Where we need to go @MichaelPelusoMD Image
Read 4 tweets
Prof. Akiko Iwasaki Profile picture
Oct 2
Sharing this scoping review on "Post-Acute sequelae of COVID-19 in pediatric patients within the United States" by @ChrisMillerDO - an amazing @YalePediatrics infectious diseases fellow focused on research and treatment of #longcovidkids (1/)

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
Key findings:
- Most pediatric LC patients were adolescents.
- ♀>♂️
- 80% of pediatric LC patients started with a mild initial infection.
- Asthma, atopy, allergic rhinitis (type 2 immune diseases), and obesity were frequently reported pre-existing conditions. (2/)
The most frequently reported symptoms in #longcovidkids are listed here (3/) Image
Read 4 tweets
Prof. Akiko Iwasaki Profile picture
Sep 27
An important study by F. Eun-Hyung Lee's team shows that long lived plasma cells (the source of long-term circulating antibodies) fail to establish after mRNA vaccination (even combined with SARS-CoV-2 infection). 🧵 (1/)
nature.com/articles/s4159…
The longevity of antibody-mediated protection against infectious diseases rely on whether or not the vaccines can establish long lived plasma cells (LLPC) in the bone marrow. They are the source of circulating antibodies for years to decades. (2/)
nature.com/articles/s4159…
Image
The study by Nguyen et al examined the long lived and short lived plasma cells in the bone marrow in people who received COVID mRNA vaccines, tetanus and flu vaccines at various time points . They found no LLPC (PopD) specific to COVID but found PopD against tetanus and flu. (3/) Image
Read 9 tweets

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