Share this page!

Enter URL or ID to Unroll

You can paste full URL like: https://x.com/threadreaderapp/status/1644127596119195649
or just the ID like: 1644127596119195649

How to get URL link on X (Twitter) App

  1. On the Twitter thread, click on or icon on the bottom
  2. Click again on or Share Via icon
  3. Click on Copy Link to Tweet
  4. Paste it above and click "Unroll Thread"!
  5. More info at Twitter Help
Prof. Akiko Iwasaki Profile picture
@VirusesImmunity
Aug 26, 2020 • 7 tweets • 6 min read • Read on X
Scrolly
Men are at higher risk of developing more severe #COVID than women. Our paper out today by @taka_takehiro @Muhellingson Pat Wong @BenIsraelow @carolilucas @sneakyvirus1 Julio Silva @tianyangmao et al examines sex differences in immune response 👇🏽 (1/n)

nature.com/articles/s4158…
Here is a link to an accessible article. (2/n)

rdcu.be/b6tiP
Here is an earlier thread I wrote about this study.

We find that men decline in T cell responses as they age, and this correlates with worsening of #COVID disease. Women, even in old age, were able to stimulate T cell immunity. (3/n)

For a great report by @apoorva_nyc on this study in @nytimes please read this. (4/n)

この研究の内容を紹介する記事。共同通信より。
男性は重症化しやすい？　新型コロナ、免疫に性差 (5/n)

47news.jp/news/5182566.h…
We are so grateful to the @WHRYale for their support of this study and for making this awesome video 👇🏽 (6/n)

We could not have done this study without a huge number of Yale IMPACT collaborators from @YaleMed @YaleSPH @YaleNursing and especially all the patients who volunteered to donated their blood samples and NP swabs for this study 🙏🏼 🙏🏼 🙏🏼 (end) ImageImage

• • •

Missing some Tweet in this thread? You can try to force a refresh
　

Keep Current with Prof. Akiko Iwasaki

Prof. Akiko Iwasaki Profile picture

Stay in touch and get notified when new unrolls are available from this author!

Read all threads

This Thread may be Removed Anytime!

PDF

Twitter may remove this content at anytime! Save it as PDF for later use!

Try unrolling a thread yourself!

how to unroll video
  1. Follow @ThreadReaderApp to mention us!

  2. From a Twitter thread mention us with a keyword "unroll"
@threadreaderapp unroll

Practice here first or read more on our help page!

More from @VirusesImmunity

Prof. Akiko Iwasaki Profile picture
May 28
Excited to share our study by @keylas3 et al. on pathological autoantibodies in people with Long COVID. We asked whether IgG in patients with Long COVID bind to human tissues/antigens and cause pathologies when transferred into mice. With @PutrinoLab

doi.org/10.1016/j.cell…Image
Using tissue-based staining, a human proteome array, ELISA, IgG-pull down and mass spec, we identified a wide array of autoantibodies in those with LC. IgG targeting neurological antigens, such as NMDAR, were elevated in LC. Collab with CellTrend and @C_Scheibenbogen 🙏🏼 Image
With SeromYx, we found that autoantibodies to MED20 in LC have undergone class switching to IgG from IgM, bind to many FcgRs, and induce robust phagocytosis when in immune complexes compared to IgG from control participants Image
Read 9 tweets
Prof. Akiko Iwasaki Profile picture
May 23
Is there an association between human herpesviruses (HHVs) reactivation and Long COVID? We analyzed HHV DNA shedding in saliva and found that HHV-6 correlates with Long COVID severity. Claire Laxton, @S_Tabachnikova, Lily Cooke, Kexin Wang et al.

(1/) medrxiv.org/content/10.648…Image
Our study enrolled 45 participants with LC and 45 age-sex-matched controls. Surveys and health questionnaires were used to collect symptom profiles. Note the intense levels of fatigue, pain, and other symptoms in our LC group (bottom half) throughout the days 😱 (2/) Image
We quantified DNA from multiple HHVs in saliva to ask a simple question: are any of these viruses more active in those with worse Long COVID? HHV-6 stood out. Higher HHV-6 levels were associated with more severe symptoms and greater functional impairment (3/) Image
Read 5 tweets
Prof. Akiko Iwasaki Profile picture
Apr 9
Our new preprint by @peowenlu @SaefIzzy @weinerlabhms and colleagues shows that nasal anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody treatment can reduce neuroinflammation in a mouse model of Long COVID, even when administered at 4 weeks after infection 🧠
biorxiv.org/content/10.648…
Neuroinflammatory damage is a hallmark of Long COVID. Nasal delivery of anti-CD3 mAb induces Treg and has shown therapeutic benefit in various autoimmune and CNS models of disease. In this study, we asked whether anti-CD3 mAb can reduce damage and restore neurogenesis.
First, we tested whether anti-CD3 mAb administered nasally starting at 1 week post-infection for 4 weeks. The treatment restored microglial and astrocyte densities and reduced inflammatory cytokines. Image
Read 5 tweets
Prof. Akiko Iwasaki Profile picture
Nov 14, 2025
A groundbreaking paper by @younis_sh1 et al. @stanfordimmuno provides an answer to the long-standing question about how EBV infections are linked to lupus. A short thread to explain the key findings. (1/)
science.org/doi/10.1126/sc…
The authors developed a new method called EBV-seq, enabling them to overcome the barrier of studying rare cells (~25 per 10,000 B cells in lupus patients) that are infected by EBV. Note that in healthy people, only 1/10,000 B cells are EBV-infected. (2/) Image
First, the authors found that EBV infects autoreactive B cells that express anti-nuclear antibodies in lupus patients, but not in healthy people or in patients with multiple sclerosis. (3/) Image
Read 6 tweets
Prof. Akiko Iwasaki Profile picture
Aug 2, 2025
Introducing BEACON (Bioactive Enhanced Adjuvant Chemokine Oligonucleotide Nanoparticles) to stimulate mucosal immune responses against genital #HSV infection. Awesome work led by @sachinbhag, who designed and developed BEACON to guide T and B cells (1/)
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
The BEACON nanoparticle is composed of CpG ODN (TLR9 agonist) and CXCL9 (chemokine). When applied to the vaginal mucosa, the recruitment of antiviral T cells is achieved with minimal local inflammation - much more potent than CpG or CXCL9 separately. (2/) Image
Intramuscular vaccines do not promote mucosal immunity. BEACON can be used as a local adjuvant to boost HSV-2 gD- or gB-specific T and B cells, preventing not only disease/death but also blocking viral load in both vaginal tissue and dorsal root ganglia (🚫latency)(3/)👇🏼 Image
Read 4 tweets
Prof. Akiko Iwasaki Profile picture
Jul 17, 2025
A fascinating new study by Vishnu Shankar et al. @stanfordimmuno shows that oxidative stress is a shared characteristic of ME/CFS and Long COVID in lymphocytes due to inability to clear reactive oxygen species. This happens in sex-specific manner. (1/)
pnas.org/doi/abs/10.107…Image
Females show higher mtROS levels and insufficient antioxidant levels, while males show mitochondrial lipid oxidative damage. While the reason for this is unclear, it may explain the sex differences in lymphocyte dysfunction we see in PAIS in general. (2/)
science.org/doi/10.1126/sc…
ROS-targeting therapies were tested. Metformin treatment in vitro showed some impact on CD4 T cell proliferation. I suspect that other therapies to induce autophagy/mitophagy might also benefit restoration of T cell phenotype. #LowDoseRapamycin 👇🏼 (3/)
polybio.org/projects/long-…
Read 4 tweets

Did Thread Reader help you today?

Support us! We are indie developers!

This site is made by just two indie developers on a laptop doing marketing, support and development! Read more about the story.

Become a Premium Member ($3/month or $30/year) and get exclusive features!

Become Premium

Don't want to be a Premium member but still want to support us?

Make a small donation by buying us coffee ($5) or help with server cost ($10)

Donate via Paypal

Or Donate anonymously using crypto!

Ethereum

0xfe58350B80634f60Fa6Dc149a72b4DFbc17D341E copy

Bitcoin

3ATGMxNzCUFzxpMCHL5sWSt4DVtS8UqXpi copy

Thank you for your support!

Follow Us!

Send Email!

:(