Scientists at the Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES), an autonomous institute under @IndiaDST estimated turbulence parameters in the lower troposphere over the central #Himalayan region for the first time
The researchers have calculated the magnitude of refractive index structure (Cn2), a constant that represents the strength of the atmospheric turbulence using observation from their #Stratosphere#Troposphere#Radar (S T Radar)
Proper and timely information of the higher values of the atmospheric turbulence parameters and understanding of time and space distribution of turbulence structure in the #Troposphere could help improve performance of numerical #weather prediction and climate models
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#JohnSpencer, Chair of Urban Warfare Studies at the Modern War Institute, lauded India's approach as a demonstration of strategic restraint and assertiveness.
Operation Sindoor redefined India’s red lines, treating terror attacks from Pakistani territory as acts of war.
Spencer remarked:
"India struck back harder, but stopped short of general war. That is textbook deterrence: calibrated, controlled, and credible."
#OperationSindhoor
John Spencer characterised Operation Sindoor as a "massive victory" for India.
He argued that India achieved and exceeded its strategic aims in just four days of calibrated military action.
Spencer views this as the application of:
"Decisive power, clearly applied, not just symbolic force."
John Spencer, a leading expert on modern warfare, hailed #OperationSindoor as India's massive victory.
India has not declared Operation Sindoor completely over. What exists now is a sensitive halt in operations—some may call it a ceasefire, but military leaders have deliberately avoided that word. From a warfighting perspective, this is not merely a pause; it is a strategic hold following a rare and unambiguous military victory.
@SpencerGuard
After just four days of calibrated military action, it is objectively conclusive: India achieved a massive victory. Operation Sindoor met and exceeded its strategic aims—destroying terrorist infrastructure, demonstrating military superiority, restoring deterrence, and unveiling a new national security doctrine. This was not symbolic force. It was decisive power, clearly applied.
#OperationSindoor
India was attacked. On April 22, 2025, 26 Indian civilians, mostly Hindu tourists, were massacred in Pahalgam, Jammu & Kashmir. The Resistance Front (TRF), an offshoot of the Pakistan-based Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT), claimed responsibility. As has been the case for decades, the group is backed by Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI).
How could India hit 13 targets, including 8 air base,s so precisely inside various strategic locations in Pakistan? How did Pakistan fail so miserably? These questions have rattled the experts across the world. On the intervening night of 9th & 10th May, when Pakistan unleashed its deadliest attack against Indian military & civilian areas with missiles and drones, they were challenged by the impenetrable, the iron dome, the Indian wall of Self Defence – Akashteer.
It was Akashteer, which stopped all Pakistani inbound airborne drones, missiles, other micro UAVs and other loitering munitions and prevented them from entering the Indian airspace.
Akashteer is probably the first operational AI war-cloud built entirely without any foreign components or satellite dependencies. Compared to Akashteer, Pakistan’s air defence response consisted of HQ- 9 & HQ-16 proved to be a failure to detect our projectiles & intercept them timely manner, resulting in heavy losses. ‘Akashteer’, the fully AI-powered autonomous defence system successfully did the real-time target interception and indulged in drone warfare.
Akashteer provides a common, real-time air picture to all involved parties (control room, radars, and Air Defense Guns), enabling coordinated air defense operations. It is a system designed to automate detection, tracking and engagement of enemy aircraft, drones and missiles. It integrates various radar systems, sensors and communication technologies into a single operational framework.
Akashteer gathers data from multiple sources, processes it and allows for automated, real-time engagement decisions. Akashteer is part of the broader C4ISR (Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance) framework, working in coordination with other systems like ISRO satellites and NAVIC GPS.
PM @narendramodi’s Gifts That Tell the Story of India’s Heritage
Over the years, PM Modi has transformed India’s foreign diplomacy into a vibrant display of cultural diversity. With each international visit, he doesn't just carry India's diplomatic agenda but also its rich heritage, showcasing its traditions, languages, art, and spirituality.
In his visit to #Nigeria, #Brazil, and #Guyana, PM Modi carried with him unique gifts from all corners of the country.
During the visit, PM carried with him 8 gifts from Maharashtra, 5 from Jammu & Kashmir, 3 each from Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan, 2 from Jharkhand and 1 each from Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Odisha and Ladakh.
The gifts from Maharashtra included Silofar Panchamrit Kalash (Pot) - a stunning example of traditional craftsmanship from Kolhapur, Maharashtra, given to President of Nigeria.
Warli paintings - a tribal art form originating from the Warli tribe primarily located in the Dahanu, Talasari and Palghar regions of Maharashtra, given to President of Brazil and also as one of gifts in the customized gift hamper given to leaders of CARICOM countries; Natural Rough Amethyst with Silver Camel Head on Top from Pune, given to Prime Minister of Australia.
Hand Carved Silver Chess Set with Traditional Design, given to Prime Minister of Portugal; Exquisite Silver Candle Stand, given to Prime Minister of Italy and Hand Engraved Silver Fruit Bowl featuring intricate depictions of a peacock and a tree, given to Secretary General of CARICOM.
#G20, Heads of States & Leaders representing their countries, received a special gift hamper
'Sandook’ is the Hindi word for a treasure chest, is a box made of solid old wood or metal, with a lid on top and embellishments all over. It holds a special place in Indian cultural and folk legends, besides being an epitome of exquisite workmanship.
Sandook has been hand crafted using Sheesham (Indian Rosewood), which is valued for its strength, durability, distinctive grain patterns and rich color. The brass patti (strip) is delicately etched and embedded on to the wood, transforming the piece into a masterpiece of visual delight and tactile splendor. It is worthy of being treasure on its own, besides storing other treasures within.
@g20org @G20_Bharat
Saffron (‘Zafran’ in Persian, ‘Kesar’ in Hindi) is the most exotic and expensive spice in the world. Across cultures and civilizations, saffron has been valued for its unparalleled culinary and medicinal value.
Kashmiri Saffron stands as a true embodiment of exclusivity and exceptional quality. Its intense aromatic profile, vibrant color and unmatched potency sets it apart. This is due to the crisp air, abundant sunlight and well-drained soil of Kashmir, which yields saffron with a higher concentration of essential oils.
Apart from being a luxurious and sought after culinary spice, Saffron is abundantly rich in antioxidants and provides many health benefits.
Pekoe Darjeeling and Nilgiri Tea are two illustrious gems from Bharat’s tea tapestry, epitomizing the delicate art of tea cultivation and infusion.
Darjeeling tea is the most valued tea in the world. Only tender shoots are handpicked from shrubs, located on the misty hills of West Bengal at altitudes of 3000-5000 ft.
Nilgiri Tea comes from the most spectacular mountain range in South Bharat. Cultivated amidst the mountains’ lush terrain at an elevation of 1000-3000 ft. The tea is relatively mild. At the same time, it is renowned for its bright and brisk liquor and clean flavour. It is a preferred choice for lemon of iced tea.
@g20org @G20_Bharat