Sure. I think that’s great advice, whether or not we’re in a pandemic. As high performance bldg consultants, we’ve been doing that since last March. Engaging school districts to help them work through building/behavioral strategies for reopening relevant to their situation. 1/
As part of that effort we also developed a viral infection risk estimator to help districts (in conjunction w/us, by themselves, or w/ other consultants) evaluate the most effective strategies room by room. Particularly important when resources are limited. I know other... 2/
consultants have been doing similar things (though perhaps not the behavior focus or developing calculators).
But there are limits to such efforts, or other local partnerships w/ businesses, short of a nationally coordinated effort to reopen schools. Decades of deferred... 3/
maintenance is the norm. So is under-ventilation, closed outdoor air dampers, & MERV 7 or 8 filters. Inoperable windows & understaffed maintenance / custodians are not uncommon. In many cases it would take costly system modifications just to get ventilation levels to... 4/
code minimum (not enough for pathogen control, or even for good cognitive function) or filters to MERV 13.
And public schools have a long history of being underfunded in general, as they’ve been asked to do more & more. So they were starting from behind even before the... 5/
pandemic hit. Now they’ve had to figure out how to make their buildings safe, equitably deliver online/hybrid/in-person education, physical distance, facilitate mask wearing, provide adequate testing/contact tracing, feed kids who depend on meals, provide some type of... 6/
extra-curriculurs, provide adequate PPE & other associated supplies, & equitably meet social/emotional needs.
Public ed $ come primarily from the state (with operational/education $ coming from a separate pot of money than new construction or major renovation $). W/ state... 7/
budgets decimated & federal relief $ both not enough & too slow reaching districts, they haven’t been able to do what’s been needed. As a result, districts are limping through the start of the school year, with their situation exacerbated by often high community spread... 8/
rates due to everything from poor testing & lack of mask ordinances to high university campus infection rates.
We should have begun a national effort last spring to reopen schools that looked at addressing all of this & more. But now most districts’ options are limited. 9/
However, local businesses could help implement these limited options. Like obtaining portable air cleaners for classrooms in lieu of increased ventilation (or opening sealed or non-existent windows). Tracking down higher MERV rated filters. Obtaining masks/PPE &...10/
testing/contact tracing supplies. Tracking down labs w/ the capacity to analyze the tests. Businesses could help furnish & deliver food to students & their families. They could help find additional resources for social/emotional support.
They could also help spearhead... 11/
local campaigns to increase community mask wearing along w/ testing & contact tracing. They could help develop contact tracing apps or mass produce rapid testing materials.
Even w/ the limited options directly & indirectly available to districts, there is a lot... 12/
businesses could do working w/ school districts. I’m sure you & others have a lot of other good ideas as well.
But businesses also need to apply what political/economic clout they have to pressure government leaders from the local to national level for the... 13/
implementation of science-based strategies & the $ to do so. While we can apply bandaids w/out this happening, until it does we’ll keep failing our students & educators. Some places worse than others.
And so business should also be advocating for changes in leadership. 14/
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Our new office policy we're finalizing essentially takes this viewpoint. In 3 of our offices, we've assessed high vaxx rates combined w/ addressing the Delta far field risk via ventilation/filtration is adequate enough for vaxxed employees (almost 100%) to go sans masks. 1/
Even in metro areas currently deemed by the CDC as having high or substantial community transmission.
To have vaxxed employees go sans masks in our other 2 offices, relative to their current lower office vaxx rates, the Delta far field risk needs to be addressed through... 2/
some combination of additional ventilation/filtration improvements, increasing vaxx rates, setting lower occupancy limits, or having non-vaxxed employees WFH - we are still assessing the best path forward for each of those locations.
. That we haven't had more districts close for a period of time is pretty fortunate considering everything. 2/
That we're still arguing over the basics of how to respond to a pandemic driven by a predominantly airborne virus demonstrates a multi-level failure of public health & government, exacerbated by a history of underfunding public health, public education, current levels of... 3/
A few questions for the UV specialists. 1st, are the studies/modeling that have been done so far relative to Far UVC impacts on eyes/skin sufficient to answer questions regarding a) potential negative impacts from chronic (continuous or repeated) exposure,... 1/
b) age/developmental specific concerns related to short term or chronic exposure, & c) concerns for those w/ pre-existing eye/skin conditions after experiencing short term or chronic exposure?
2nd, have studies been done looking at the impacts on the built environment's... 2/
microbiome, & the subsequent impacts on human health? And for this 2nd question, not just relative to Far UVC, but also for more traditional upper room UVGI systems.
Manufacturers are already marketing fixtures exposing occupants to Far UVC. Do the answers to either of the... 3/
This is an all hands on deck moment. In-person school is starting. W/ the #DeltaVariant, even w/ the majority of the relevant strategies in place, it’s going to be difficult to prevent transmission in our schools (linkedin.com/pulse/in-perso…). 🧵1/
In an elementary classroom w/ unvaxxed students, generally ASHRAE compliant ventilation/filtration, the addition of (1) portable HEPA filter unit, & theoretical 100% mask wearing (double layer cloth mask), max exposure is only about 1.2 hrs before an additional student... 2/
is potentially infected at full occupancy (assuming 1 infected student is present).
Accounting for the potential reality of younger kids not always effectively wearing their masks (50% mask wearing), the max exposure is under an hour before an additional student is infected. 3/
These are the type of actions our pharmacies, hair salons, retail stores, offices, universities, k-12 schools, individual residences, etc., need to be taking, particularly w/... 1/
a more transmissible strain spreading in the U.S. & months left before vaccination levels are where needed to be.
CO2 levels can be used to estimate ventilation levels, though it's important to account for factors like the number of people present, the size of,... 2/
the space, & the use of portable air cleaners. Pages 23-24 of this document from @HarvardChanSPH & @j_g_allen provide a means for estimating ventilation rates based on measured CO2 levels. 3/
I would challenge your point that “No matter what we do, resources will remain scarce and people will compete over them.” First, there’s an abundance of evidence from the archaeological, historical, & contemporary ethnographic records of individuals & groups cooperating... 1/
(employing some or all of Ostrom’s principles) to survive in environments of scarce resources (& not just hunter/gatherer groups). Not saying the evidence for competition (including violent competition) isn’t also there, or that the competition between groups isn’t also... 2/
what often drives the cooperation among group members (because it does), only that cooperation seems to have been most effective when these principles are applied (even as part of a larger competition between groups).