Cute lil dropstone!

My initial interpretation:
Once upon a time and long long ago, an existing rock fell into squishy mud. Time, pressure, & natural cementing hardened the mud into rock ...with rocks stuck in it.
This isn’t the only possible story!

I’m basing my interpretation on location (beach), that the rock looks gritty (grains not crystals), and that the boundary between the colours looks raised lips (not weathering rind or contact metamorphism).
All those dimples look like places other pebbles were plucked from the host rock* as it was exposed & eroded.

(*former mud/silt/sand now mudstone/siltstone/sandstone depending on proportion of fines).
What I DON’T see are ripples.

That means my story only makes sense if this particular patch wasn’t exposed coast, but something more sheltered like a bay or protected delta.

That’s not unusual. Coastlines shift back & forth with changing (local & global) sea levels.
Rocks need to exist before anything can happen to them, so we know the smaller embedded rock is older.

It looks similar enough in texture that it might be a bit of even older muck. Then we have 3 beaches in 1 photo: modern sand, old mudstone, older embedded pebbles & cobbles!
I like this interpretation, too, and it works with the “everything looks very, very similar.”

A concretion is when a bit of initial precipitation nucleus results in sediment cementing together harder than surrounding sediment, like the geological equivalent of a pearl.
That initial precipitation nucleus would be in the centre of the concretion.

It can be fun to discover what the nucleus is: leaf, tooth, fossil, shell fragment, although in England they’ve also found concrétions formed around WWII shrapnel!
A similar variation is instead of concretions, this could be nodules: no nucleus, but a mineral replacement sometime later because of Reasons.

I don’t like that interpretation as well for this particular circumstance as nodules tend to be more dramatic contrast (& that lip-rind)
Oooh, this rock is on a NZ beach, so our alternate story could start:

Once upon a time and long, long ago, a penguin died and was buried in muck.
We could tell these stories apart with a bit of SMASHY-SMASHY to see if we can find something in the centres of the globs.

We could also look at the wider landscape to see if we can spy more context or additional examples with more hints.
Another idea is this could be a trace fossil of old structures in the mud.

If so, the two globs could be part of the same burrow but we’re only seeing part of it exposed, the rest of the network still hidden within the host rock.

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More from @mikamckinnon

1 Oct
PSA: “Earthquake prediction” is 100% bullshit in every possible way. That account “warning” of a dangerous swarm is fear-mongering to exploit your anxiety.

Block and ignore.
We CAN NOT predict what size quake will happen when & where. Wish we could, but real-life rocks are complicated.

We CAN forecast probabilities and understand how stress fields interact. For example, the Salton Sea swarm is unrelated to the San Andreas Fault:
The darkly funny part is this not even a feasible guess.

Normal charlatans can hope chance is on their side (gizmodo.com/a-quick-guide-…), but all the faults close enough to be part of this swarm are too tiny to produce anything bigger than an M5.

Whoopsie.
Read 5 tweets
30 Sep
Today’s distraction:

The winner of this match will face #Magnetite for the finals with a shot at the #MinCup2020 crown. Both are beautiful & bizarre with odd properties and a lot of charm.
Both are Safe But Boring to lick. They even have similar texture (smooth). As far as your tongue in concerned, it’s a wash. You’ll need different criteria to pick your fav.

(One #MinCup we’ll have either a Fun To Lick or a Do Not Lick finalist and I will be overjoyed)
#Fluorite is a basic calcium fluoride (CaF2), which didn’t give me headaches when memorizing composition for mineralogy exams.

Amusingly, the element is named for the mineral, not the other way around. Same for fluorescence: the effect named for the rock’s distinctive property.
Read 10 tweets
30 Sep
Literally nothing about the debate tonight could possibly change how I vote, and I don’t want to deal with either rage or despair from hearing his horrid voice and cruel ideals.

So I’m focusing elsewhere.

On geologic glitter, specifically.
Today’s #MinCup2020 battle is a showdown between glitter vs magnetics.

I am forever & always #TeamShiny.
Which is losing.
#Magnetite is a pretty cool mineral. It’s key to a lot of geophysics, I like collecting it with a fridge magnet on beaches, and it makes for a cool high-impact low-effort geo demo.

But then there’s #Muscovite, a subset of mica & the essence of #TeamSparkle. It’s SO SHINY.
Read 14 tweets
28 Sep
Hey Sonoma/Napa kin,
If you’re told to go, GO.
If you’re under warning, pack up, turn your car, & leave early if you can.

This is moving fast & fierce, and you just don’t have that many roads to gtfo fast.
Make sure you opted in to emergency alerts & that your ringer is set to max tonight.

But, uh...
it’s having some bugs in Napa & Sonoma, so also do manual checks: napavalleyregister.com/news/local/ami…

& if you’re told to evac, don’t be shy about noise. Waking your neighbours could save them.
Evac orders are expanding FAST (another set just went out). Assume anything RT’d is already old news.

Check you local officials for current danger zones.

If you have ANY special circumstances & capacity to leave early, please do. Check on your neighbours if you can.
Read 9 tweets
21 Sep
You’re in the desert. A deep, vibrant blue catches your eye.

It’s neither sky nor water. #YouFindARock!
You pick up the perfectly civic blue crystal ans consider your future life choices.

>
> Lick

Mmm, salty!

> Lick lick lick

So salty. Exactly salty. Just like salt, because it is salt.

>
Read 6 tweets
20 Sep
This is a very popular question where the answer is frustrating because it’s almost, but not quite, the right question.

Simple version: False.
Thread for complicated version.
All active fault zones move.

While a particular fault may be locked or have locked segments, overall the tectonic plates that make up the surface of our planet move at roughly the same speed fingernails grow.

We have thousands of earthquakes a year, most too small to feel.
But the difference between tiny harmless earthquakes and big damaging earthquakes is nontrivial.

We describe earthquakes a lot of ways: magnitude (amplitude of seismic wave), energy released, intensity (severity of shaking)...

Details: usgs.gov/natural-hazard…
Read 17 tweets

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