How an opinion piece entitled "Pietismo fuori posto" (Misplaced sanctimony), published in Italian newspaper 'La Stampa' on 10th September 1938 is relevant to political discourse in the UK in October 2020 [Thread] >> 1
I recently commented on Twitter that Johnson's & Patel's references to "do-gooders" are straight out of the far right playbook, as in Salvini's use of "buonisti" & AfD's use of "Gutmenschen" >> 2
The origin of using such terms to depict those wanting to do good as weak & sanctimonious is to be found in the way the Italian fascist régime described those defending Jews, when Italy's "racial laws" were introduced in 1938, as "pietisti" (a rough equivalent to do-gooders) >> 3
The article from "La Stampa" appeared on 10 September 1938, just before the approval of the "racial laws" by the Grand Council of Fascism (6-7 October). These laws, which stripped Jews of their civil rights, were under discussion >> 4
If we look at the text, we see just how similar it is to the speeches & articles about migrants by right-wing politicians & commentators that we hear & read today. Let's start with the first paragraph >> 5
Just update it by substituting "migrants" for "Jews", "hard working families" for "working people", "metropolitan élites" for "middle class intellectuals" & "multiculturalism" for "cosmopolitan Jewish culture" and it could come from the mouth or pen of today's conservatives >> 6
In the second paragraph, we have an appeal to the "national interest", which is higher than anything , including "Christian compassion". So, we have Christian values, indeed we are kind (e.g. we have a long tradition of welcoming refugees) but we mustn't become gullible >> 7
I've left out the third paragraph as it adds little. The fourth paragraph contains the classic "foreigners coming here to steal our jobs & take advantage of our benefits" and ends with the obligatory "we're not racist but let's help our own people first" >> 8
So, if you still think of fascism as something that happened long ago in other countries, think again. Groundwork is well under way to create the conditions in which it can prosper in modern day Britain. It is up to us to make sure it doesn't rear its ugly head again // 9 ends

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2 Oct
6.40 a.m. on 3 October 2013. A 66 foot long wooden fishing boat is approaching the island of Lampedusa. It left the Libyan port of Misrata on 1 October. It is packed with people (probably 543) below and above deck. Most of them are from Eritrea, a few from Ethiopia [Thread] >> 1
They have been travelling for months, paying $600 to get out of Eritrea, $800 to get to Khartoum, another $800 to cross the Sahara into Libya and, finally, $1,600 to cross the Mediterranean on what, for many of them, would become their coffin >> 2
Many Eritreans flee their country, not just because of poverty. It is a dictatorship in which young men are called up for military service & never know how long it will last. It could even be as much as 10 years. Once it is over, they can be called up again >> 3
Read 17 tweets
13 Sep
At 1.30 a.m., in the night between 13 & 14 September 1943, the various units of Italian soldiers (12,000 in all), mostly conscripts of the Acqui Division, occupying the Greek island of Cephalonia, receive a message from their Commander, General Antonio Gandin [Thread] >> 1
It reads, "General Gandin hereby calls a referendum & invites officers & men to choose from the following alternatives: 1) continue fighting alongside the Germans; 2) surrender; 3) fight against the Germans. Results of the referendum must reach Divisional HQ by 10 a.m. >> 2
To understand what brought about such an unusual order in a military context & the terrible events that ensued as a consequence, we need to first look at what happened from 25 July 1943 onwards. On that date Mussolini was deposed by the Grand Council of Fascism & arrested >> 3
Read 140 tweets
20 Aug
20 August 2011, Maria Concetta (Cetta) Cacciola (31) dies after drinking hydrochloric acid. She had tried to escape from a life of oppression in her family linked to 'ndrangheta but returned out of love for her three children [Thread] >> 1 Image
Cetta is born into a family linked to Pesce-Bellocco clan of 'ndrangheta in Rosarno (Calabria). Her father, Michele, and her brother, Giuseppe, are constantly in & out of prison. She marries at 16 years old, partly to escape her home life & has three children >> 2
It is a loveless relationship. Figliuzzi married her so that he could get into 'ndrangheta. He abuses her. On one occasion, after a particularly violent argument, he threatens her by pointing a pistol at her head >> 3
Read 26 tweets
17 Aug
August 1860, in Bronte (Sicily), a popular uprising against the landowning nobility is brutally quashed by a ruthless dictator. Thread with guest appearances by Admiral Horatio Nelson, General Giuseppe Garibaldi & the Brontë sisters >> 1
By the end of July 1860, Giuseppe Garibaldi has conquered Sicily, defeating the forces of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, as part of his campaign to unify Italy under the rule of King Victor Emmanuel II. This has brought hope for social justice among the population >> 2
Garibaldi's conquest of Sicily has been achieved with the support of Sicilian volunteers and he has promised them a new era of social justice and redistribution of land, almost completely characterised by large landed estates in the hands of the nobility >> 3
Read 20 tweets
12 Aug
12 August 1944, 560 civilians were massacred in the mountain village of Sant'Anna di Stazzema in the Province of Lucca (Tuscany). The victims were almost all women & children. The atrocity was carried out by Waffen-SS troops, aided by Italian fascists [Thread] >> 1
At the time, German forces along the so called 'Gothic Line' were holding up the Allied advance northwards. Sant'Anna di Stazzema, normally an isolated sparsely populated village, had been designated a 'white zone' by the Germans, suitable for holding displaced persons >> 2
Hence, the village was home to about 1,000 people by 12 August. Italian partisans of the 'Garibaldi Brigades' operated in the Apuan Alps region, carrying out acts of sabotage and ambushes against German forces. These often provoked reprisals against the civilian population >> 3
Read 19 tweets
9 Aug
Short thread on events of 7 March 1991, when the 90,000 people of Brindisi woke up to find 25,000 Albanians roaming the streets of their town. For perspective, that's roughly equivalent to 25k people suddenly landing in Hastings (h/t @fcbaribrit for reminding me of this episode)>
At 10 a.m. on Thursday 7 March 1991, the cargo ship 'Lirja' enters the port of Brindisi carrying 5,000 Albanians fleeing their homeland. They'd taken over the ship in the port of Durrës & forced the crew to sail to Italy. At noon, another ship 'Tirana' arrives carrying 6,000 >> 2
In the afternoon, yet another ship, 'Apollonia', along with several fishing boats. Then, in the evening, the final ship, 'Legend'. Italian Coast Guard ships offshore decide not to intervene & block the vessels as they're all in precarious condition and dangerously overloaded >> 3
Read 14 tweets

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