(1/11) THREAD👇: During the 19th century, many people living in Derbyshire, England meticulously collected and stored their fallen or extracted teeth in jars. When a person died, these teeth were placed inside the coffin alongside the corpse. Why? (Photo: Hunterian). Image
(2/11) People believed that those who failed to do this would be damned to search for the lost teeth in a bucket of blood located deep within the fiery pits of Hell on Judgment Day. Stories like this help us to understand why people in the past feared the anatomist’s knife. Image
(3/11) Deliberate mutilation of the body could have dire consequences in the afterlife. For many living in earlier periods, dissection represented the destruction of one’s identity. Most people imagined the dead to have an active, physical role in the next world. Image
(4/11) On 14 February 1829, the Morning Herald reported a story about a dying woman who had asked a close friend to place the letters of her dead son in the coffin beside her body after she died. At the funeral, the friend forgot and became distressed. Image
(5/11) Fortuitously, the village postman died a few days later and the friend arranged to have the letters put into *his* coffin, as "she firmly believed that he would be as diligent a postman in the other world as he had been in this.” Image
(6/11) The proliferation of private medical schools in the late 18th and early 19th centuries gave students an opportunity to learn anatomy through dissection. To do this, however, bodies were needed. Anatomists turned to the body-snatchers for help. Image
(7/11) People went to great lengths to protect the bodies of loved ones from ending up on the dissection table. Graveyards underwent dramatic makeovers as the public’s fear over body-snatching escalated. Image
(8/11) Mortsafes were placed over burial sites. This cage-like structure was partially buried within the grave and surrounded the entire coffin. After a suitable amount of time—once the body had decomposed and was rendered useless to the anatomists—the mortsafe could be removed. Image
(9/11) Mortsafes could vary in design. Some consisted of heavy iron rods and plates, which were then padlocked together for extra protection. Two sets of keys were needed to unlock these types of mortsafes, like the one pictured here in Greyfriars Kirkyard, Edinburgh. Image
(10/11) If you’re interested in seeing a mortsafe up close and in person, you can click this link which will bring you to an interactive map showing you where existing mortsafes are located in Britain: abdn.ac.uk/bodysnatchers/… Image
(11/11) I hope you enjoyed today’s thread! If you like my content, please check out my book THE BUTCHERING ART, about the brutal and bloody world of Victorian surgery: amazon.com/Butchering-Art… Image

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More from @DrLindseyFitz

13 Aug
(1/10) THREAD👇

This is a photo of Leonid Ivanovich Rogozov, who successfully removing his own appendix in 1961. Rogozov knew he was in trouble when he began experiencing intense pain in the lower right quadrant of his abdomen. It could only be one thing: appendicitis.
(2/10) Under normal circumstances, appendicitis is not life-threatening. But Rogozov (pictured here) was stuck in the middle of the Antarctica, surrounded by nothing but thousands of square miles of snow and ice. He was the only doctor on his expedition.
(3/10) Rogozov miraculously survived. Believe it or not, he was not the first to attempt a self-appendectomy. In 1921, the American surgeon Evan O’Neill Kane undertook an impromptu experiment after he too was diagnosed with a severe case of appendicitis.
Read 10 tweets
26 Jul
(1/11) Thread on PREMATURE BURIAL👇

This is an "Escapable Burial Chamber" built by Thomas Pursell for himself & his family. The ventilated vault can be opened from the inside by a handwheel attached to the door. Pursell was buried there in 1937, and (so far) has never reemerged.
(2/11) Anxiety about premature burial was so widespread during the Victorian period that in 1891, the Italian psychiatrist Enrico Morselli coined the medical term for it: taphephobia (Greek for “grave” + “fear.”).
(3/11) In 1822, Dr Adolf Gutsmuth set out to conquer his taphephobia by consigning himself to a "safety coffin" that he had designed. For hours, he remained underground, during which time he consumed soup, sausages, & beer—delivered through a feeding tube built into the coffin.
Read 11 tweets
12 Jul
(1/17) A thread on DECAPITATION👇: I once heard a story about a man who attended a friend's execution during the French Revolution. Seconds after the guillotine fell, he retrieved the severed head & asked questions to test consciousness. Was this an 18th-century urban legend?
(2/17) The physician Joseph-Ignace Guillotin proposed to the National Assembly that capital punishment should take the form of swift decapitation "by means of a simple mechanism.” Thus, the guillotine was instated in France in 1791.
(3/17) Shortly after, debates broke out over how “humane" decapitation really was. When Charlotte Corday was executed in 1793, witnesses observed that her "eyes seemed to retain speculation for a moment or two, and there was a look in the ghastly stare."
Read 17 tweets
24 Jun
A poignant photo by my friend Paul Koudounaris of a beloved pet's tombstone. Despite popular belief, the cat's name was *not* Dewey (that was the family's surname). '"He was only a cat' but human enough to to be a great comfort in hours of loneliness and pain." đź’”
Paul is an amazing photographer and storyteller. He's also a great lover of all things feline. He has a book coming out this fall called A CAT'S TALE - all about cats from history. It's the delightful distraction we all need in our lives: amazon.com/Cats-Tale-Jour…
I've been friends with Paul for many years now. He's an eccentric man with a heart of gold. Whenever we meet up, a whimsical journey ensues. This is me in his house in LA a few years back. I felt like Alice dropping through the rabbit hole.
Read 6 tweets
14 Jun
(1/14) THREAD ON BLOODLETTING 👇 for #WorldBloodDonorDay. When King Charles II suffered a sudden seizure on the morning of 2 February 1685, his personal physician had just the remedy. He quickly slashed open a vein in the King’s left arm and filled a basin with the royal blood.
(2/14) Over the next few days, the King's physicians gave enemas and urged him to drink various potions, including boiled spirits from a human skull. Charles was bled a second time before he lapsed into a coma and died.
(3/14) Even without his doctors’ ministrations, the King may have succumbed, yet his final days were certainly not made any easier by the relentless bloodletting and purging. By the time of Charles II’s death, however, bloodletting was standard medical practice.
Read 14 tweets
13 Jun
(1/8) #Histmed THREAD👇On 7 April 1853, Queen Victoria became the first monarch to use chloroform to ease the pains of childbirth. Prince Leopold was born within 53 minutes of administration of the drug, which Victoria described as "delightful beyond measure.”
(2/8) The anaesthetic powers of chloroform was first discovered in 1847 by the Scottish physician James Young Simpson. He and his two friends experimented with it on the evening of November 4th. At first, they felt very cheerful and talkative. After a short time, they passed out.
(3/8) Impressed with the drug’s potency, Simpson began using chloroform as an anaesthetic. In December 1847, he delivered the first baby using it. Simpson nicknamed the girl “Saint Anaesthesia.” Her real name was Wilhelmina Carstairs, pictured here.
Read 8 tweets

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