A brief review of where we are - & why we need a plan B.
In general, I think the current government strategy of suppression to keep cases low enough to maintain NHS services and minimise non-COVID health harms while protecting education and jobs is a reasonable compromise.
Furthermore, if virus levels get too high, fear increases and people don’t come to hospital, don’t go out and the economy suffers, etc. I also understand the governments rationale of not wanting to reintroduce shielding due to the mental (and other) health harms it would cause.
I also support the targeting of restrictions based on the local level of cases as opposed to blanket national ones. I find it hard to understand how it can be possibly be fairer to destroy jobs and businesses all over the country including in areas where hospitalisations are low
than to target restrictions on those areas where they are highest and the NHS is under pressure. This should not be a political issue, or North vs. South – it’s just common sense.
We can only get through this crisis by supporting each other and, by keeping the economy open in as many places as possible, we can help fund businesses and jobs in those areas that are forced to temporarily close until the pressure on the NHS subsides.
The evidence for the effectiveness of the current measures is mixed – while it is true that R nationally is about half the level of the first wave, data from todays REACT-1 study shows that it is rising but with large regional variations (0.6 in the North East to 2.9 in London).
And while the NHS as a whole is not yet being overwhelmed, hospitalisations continue to double every 2 weeks and are on course to pass the first peak in 3 weeks – which will make it very difficult to keep all NHS services running and lead to significant non-COVID health harms.
The key problem is compliance, and we need to focus more on how we can improve compliance with existing restrictions rather than increasing restrictions. After all, the purpose of restrictions/lockdowns is to reduce social contacts and enforce social distancing / self-isolation.
We urgently need to analyse levels of compliance by local area and to understand what is driving lack of compliance. e.g. despite good intentions only 20 per cent of those required to self-isolate are doing so, and it may be that paying people (as in Sweden) may be more effective
We need to improve the public health messaging and try different strategies to improve compliance - without resorting to fear (with all its health harms) with different messages, and different messengers, including more hospital doctors and GPs who are most likely to be trusted.
For now, I think the government should continue to resist the increasing calls for a second national lockdown and maintain its current strategy for at least two more weeks to assess the effectiveness of the Tier Two and Three restrictions and devolved nations ‘circuit-breakers’.
However, we also need a Plan B to get us to Spring – and potentially longer if vaccines / treatments / mass testing are not as effective as hoped – which I will describe in tomorrow’s thread and is also outlined below:
Plan B:
Why Sweden provides a potential model for us to follow - but not for the reasons most people think - and only if we learn from their mistakes.
And why - whichever plan is chosen - we need to build consensus. And how that could be done.
No country has received more attention for its approach to dealing with COVID than Sweden but there continue to be widespread misunderstandings of its strategy - with many thinking they followed the approach outlined in the Great Barrington Declaration.
However, the actual, official Swedish government strategy is ‘to limit the spread of infection in the country and by doing so, to relieve pressure on the health care system and protect people’s lives, health and jobs.’
And as its Chief Epidemiologist, Dr Tegnell has said,
Why I haven't signed the Great Barrington Declaration (GBD) or John Snow memorandum (JSM):
Having consistently highlighted the health harms of lockdown, I did of course welcome the GBD’s emphasis on the many harms of lockdown – particularly in countries without welfare states
– where lockdowns are even more likely to cause overall health harm. However, a declaration is not a policy and there are still too many unanswered questions. Although I fully agree on the need to focus protection on care homes & hospitals, I am not convinced that it is
feasible to shield the very large numbers of vulnerable people in the community when COVID transmission is high (esp. for those who live in multigenerational households). Also, the number of ‘non-vulnerable’ who would be symptomatic and hospitalised in the coming 3 to 6 months
This series on COVID tries to analyse data objectively and aims to avoid the twin dangers of fear & complacency; prevent a large second wave & a second lockdown.
No 7. Is the NHS in the same position now as it was on March 23rd? And does that mean we need another lockdown?
Over the last few days, much has been said and written about the fact that there are now more patients in hospital with COVID than there were on ‘lockdown day,’ March 23rd, and some are claiming this justifies a second national lockdown to prevent the NHS being overwhelmed. .
While it is true that that there are more patients in hospital with COVID now (3332) than there were on March 23 (3160), the trajectory is very different (as I explained it would be 4 weeks ago - due to social distancing, isolation, masks, etc.)
Thanks to @IainDale for inviting me on to @LBC to explain why a national 'circuit-breaker' lockdown is not justified. There is not enough evidence that the benefits of this policy would outweigh its harms - which must be the benchmark - especially in areas where cases are low.
However we must also continue to keep hospital admissions low enough to enable all NHS services to keep running; and also low so that people are not scared of going to hospital, school, shops, restaurants, etc. as happened first time around - but this should be achieved through
measures that minimise overall harm i.e. social distancing, self-isolation, reducing social contacts indoors, masks, etc. - which remains the best way to prevent a second national lockdown.
I welcome the release of the SAGE documents summarising the evidence for the effectiveness & harms of different interventions which I have long called for - it's essential this is shared with other scientists & the public. (Link below) Today's thread will briefly summarise
why the evidence for all these interventions is weak which is why there is uncertainty and disagreement between scientists about which policies are most effective / least harmful but of course we have to make decisions now based on the evidence we have.
For any disease, ideally we try to establish whether an intervention is effective (e.g. in saving lives, or improving the quality of life) in randomised controlled trials where all other factors are controlled for and then randomly assign patients to the intervention or a control
This series on COVID tries to analyse data objectively and aims to avoid the twin dangers of fear and complacency; prevent a large second wave - and a second national lockdown.
No 7. Flu has not killed more people than COVID over the last few months - but staying at home has.
There has been a widespread misunderstanding of the graph below which the ONS releases every Tuesday with many reports and people saying that influenza has been killing many times more people than COVID-19 over the last three months.
This is mainly because of the way deaths are recorded by the ONS (who combine the categories for influenza & pneumonia) and also the difference between ‘dying of’ a disease (an actual underlying cause of death) and ‘dying with’ a disease (did not contribute to the death).