1/6

As I discussed in my FT article yesterday, Xi Jinping is right to say that it can only hope to double GDP by 2035 if it "distributes the fruits of development more fairly." Unless there is a massive redistribution of the income share of...

scmp.com/economy/china-…
2/6

GDP, doubling real GDP would require more than tripling the country's real debt, in which case the debt burden itself would almost certainly prevent the economy from doubling.

ft.com/content/8cc6f9…
3/6

The problem for China is that while by now everyone agrees about what needs to be done, they perhaps don't understand the extent of the redistribution needed. Between 80% and 100% of the growth in GDP over the next fifteen years must accrue...
4/6

to ordinary households if China is to rebalance its economy sufficiently by the end of the period, and even then this would involve a sharp worsening of the debt burden for the first several years.
5/6

it's possible to do it in principle, in other words, but the scale will be politically difficult to pull off and will probably require a total transformation of the role and power of local governments. Perhaps that transformation has already started to happen over the...
6/6

past 8 years as Xi worked to re-centralize power, but so far this has mostly occurred in ways (e.g. the ballooning provincial debt) that create a different set of problems to resolve.

The next five years are going to be gripping.

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More from @michaelxpettis

25 Nov
1/7

This article is incredibly wrong-headed if it argues that Japan's experience in the 1990s demonstrates the dangers of public-sector investment in infrastructure. It quotes Randall Kroszner, of University of Chicago’s business school, saying...

ft.com/content/f0f3af…
2/7

that it is a mistake to assume that building infrastructure will ensure future growth: “Japan illustrates that doesn’t work.”

Japan illustrates no such thing. The lesson of Japan is that after several decades of investing far more in building infrastructure than any...
3/7

other developed economy, and growing far faster, Japan's need for additional investment by the late 1980s was sharply reduced, making it increasingly likely that new investment in infrastructure would be non-productive and weigh down on future growth. What Japan teaches...
Read 7 tweets
25 Nov
1/5

While the rest of us discuss China’s GDP growth numbers, Premier Li Keqiang is asking local government officials to tell the truth about economic conditions in their provinces: “Only when you tell the truth, can we come up with practical measures.”

scmp.com/economy/china-…
2/5

What I found more interesting in his speech was his telling officials to focus on stabilizing employment, expanding domestic demand and strengthening supervision of projects to ensure effective investment in order to boost consumption. “Where there is employment and...
3/5

income, there is consumption,” he said.

Yes, but you could also argue that where there is consumption, there is employment and income. In fact I would argue that promoting consumption by promoting employment means boosting the supply side in order to get a secondary...
Read 5 tweets
25 Nov
1/7

"Tianjin was a poster child for rapid economic growth in the years following 2008," this very interesting article by Frank Tang reminds us, "when China decided to roll out a massive stimulus plan to offset the impact of the global financial crisis."

scmp.com/economy/china-…
2/7

Tianjin's growth exploded in response to the stimulus which, among other things, recreated Manhattan's office space on a remote river bank. Tianjin grew so quickly that it led to widespread speculation that the city would was becoming a major engine for national growth.
3/7

Instead, massive overbuilding left a "Manhattan" ghost town (and a kind of tourist attraction). The city became one of the most indebted in China, locking itself into a downward spiral in which high debt slowed the economy and slowing growth worsened the debt burden.
Read 7 tweets
24 Nov
1/4

I agree fully with @SpiegelPeter. I remember when I was very young how the slow-motion disaster of Nixon's impeachment, on top of the Vietnam debacle and what was probably the most bitter and politically divisive decade in American...

ft.com/content/266bc0…
2/4

history since the 1930s, convinced most people that we were watching the death throes of American democracy (something many also believed in the 1930s). I was living in Spain at the time and it really seemed to everyone that the US was imploding.
3/4

In fact, as my dad insisted to my brothers and me, what we were really seeing was the resilience of American democracy. Democracies are no better than any other political system when it comes to selecting good leaders. Their great strengths are their ability to manage...
Read 4 tweets
24 Nov
1/4

In my opinion the idea that India's future growth depends on whether or not it joins RCEP or other trade agreements is mostly ideological nonsense. Smaller countries can perhaps advance rapidly by becoming export superpowers, but India's main...

scmp.com/week-asia/poli…
2/4

problems – like those of China in the late 1970s – are weak business governance and the lack of domestic investment in infrastructure.

Like China in the 1980s and 1990s, these are the problems India must fix if it is to grow sustainably for many decades, and until it...
3/4

fixes them, trade agreements may just lock India into a minor role in global supply chains. It should only join trade agreements if these are reasonably balanced and bring India the resources it needs, rather than try to fit its economy into the needs of its trade partners.
Read 4 tweets
23 Nov
1/4

It is good news if Nigeria's rich really are directing the bulk of their wealth into investment in Nigeria. One of the best things under-invested developing countries can do is to harness their domestic savings for domestic investment.

ft.com/content/c5b986…
2/4

This for example is what Chile did in the 1980s with its pension fund system, and China in the 1990s with hard capital controls and financial repression. If countries with poor infrastructure and low investment can successfully harness domestic savings, while investment...
3/4

levels are low they actually benefit from the kinds of inequalities in income distribution that lead to a faster rise in savings than in consumption.

The problem is that the rich in many of these countries get rich by using their power to divert income to...
Read 4 tweets

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