1/7

"Tianjin was a poster child for rapid economic growth in the years following 2008," this very interesting article by Frank Tang reminds us, "when China decided to roll out a massive stimulus plan to offset the impact of the global financial crisis."

scmp.com/economy/china-…
2/7

Tianjin's growth exploded in response to the stimulus which, among other things, recreated Manhattan's office space on a remote river bank. Tianjin grew so quickly that it led to widespread speculation that the city would was becoming a major engine for national growth.
3/7

Instead, massive overbuilding left a "Manhattan" ghost town (and a kind of tourist attraction). The city became one of the most indebted in China, locking itself into a downward spiral in which high debt slowed the economy and slowing growth worsened the debt burden.
4/7

Tianjin is no longer a poster child for Chinese growth, but I'd argue that it remains a model for the economy. It relied on soaring debt to grow, but because this debt mainly fed non-productive investment, once debt could no longer grow, economic growth had to collapse.
5/7

More importantly, unless the city is able to resolve debt quickly and efficiently, mainly by directly or indirectly liquidating city assets to pay down debt, it will remain locked into its downward spiral.

There are many who argue that Japan's experience after...
6/7

the debt-fueled investment boom of the 1970s and 1980s can tell us almost nothing about China's future growth trajectory because of income, political and institutional differences between the two countries. But it is hard to make the case that China is structurally...
7/7

different from Japan in a way that Tianjin isn't. I would argue that Beijing should be experimenting with ways for Tianjin to use its own internal resources to revive itself so that it will know what to do if (when) the problem of Tianjin becomes the problem of China.

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More from @michaelxpettis

27 Nov
1/4

No, because the Eurodollar market is not an ethereal entity into which transactions disappear. It consists of real entities with real balance sheets that match. If the Japanese entity used the export revenues to purchase Eurodollar bonds issued by Repsol, for example, and...
2/4

Repsol used the funds to expand its operations in Libya, then Libyan investment would rise and Japan’s surplus would be balanced by a Libyan deficit – either with France or with some other country – against which foreign claims on Libyan assets will have increased.
3/4

If Japan on the other hand left its revenues in the form of deposits in a French bank – and it doesn’t matter whether these deposits are eurodollar deposits or in any other currency – the French bank would manage its balance sheet either by expanding assets or contracting...
Read 4 tweets
27 Nov
1/14

This very good article illustrates just how much confusion there is in understanding the accounting identities that describe the balance of payments. When a country saves more than it invests, there is no difference between its running a current...

economist.com/finance-and-ec…
2/14

account surplus and its running a capital account deficit: one doesn't "lead" to the other because they are simply the obverse sides of the same coin. In either case the country exports its excess savings in the form of real resources such as manufactured...
3/14

goods, commodities, services, etc., and gets paid with real claims on foreign assets. The former side of the transaction we call the current account surplus and the latter side we call the capital account deficit. Both sides simultaneously define the transaction.
Read 14 tweets
25 Nov
1/7

This article is incredibly wrong-headed if it argues that Japan's experience in the 1990s demonstrates the dangers of public-sector investment in infrastructure. It quotes Randall Kroszner, of University of Chicago’s business school, saying...

ft.com/content/f0f3af…
2/7

that it is a mistake to assume that building infrastructure will ensure future growth: “Japan illustrates that doesn’t work.”

Japan illustrates no such thing. The lesson of Japan is that after several decades of investing far more in building infrastructure than any...
3/7

other developed economy, and growing far faster, Japan's need for additional investment by the late 1980s was sharply reduced, making it increasingly likely that new investment in infrastructure would be non-productive and weigh down on future growth. What Japan teaches...
Read 7 tweets
25 Nov
1/5

While the rest of us discuss China’s GDP growth numbers, Premier Li Keqiang is asking local government officials to tell the truth about economic conditions in their provinces: “Only when you tell the truth, can we come up with practical measures.”

scmp.com/economy/china-…
2/5

What I found more interesting in his speech was his telling officials to focus on stabilizing employment, expanding domestic demand and strengthening supervision of projects to ensure effective investment in order to boost consumption. “Where there is employment and...
3/5

income, there is consumption,” he said.

Yes, but you could also argue that where there is consumption, there is employment and income. In fact I would argue that promoting consumption by promoting employment means boosting the supply side in order to get a secondary...
Read 5 tweets
24 Nov
1/4

I agree fully with @SpiegelPeter. I remember when I was very young how the slow-motion disaster of Nixon's impeachment, on top of the Vietnam debacle and what was probably the most bitter and politically divisive decade in American...

ft.com/content/266bc0…
2/4

history since the 1930s, convinced most people that we were watching the death throes of American democracy (something many also believed in the 1930s). I was living in Spain at the time and it really seemed to everyone that the US was imploding.
3/4

In fact, as my dad insisted to my brothers and me, what we were really seeing was the resilience of American democracy. Democracies are no better than any other political system when it comes to selecting good leaders. Their great strengths are their ability to manage...
Read 4 tweets
24 Nov
1/6

As I discussed in my FT article yesterday, Xi Jinping is right to say that it can only hope to double GDP by 2035 if it "distributes the fruits of development more fairly." Unless there is a massive redistribution of the income share of...

scmp.com/economy/china-…
2/6

GDP, doubling real GDP would require more than tripling the country's real debt, in which case the debt burden itself would almost certainly prevent the economy from doubling.

ft.com/content/8cc6f9…
3/6

The problem for China is that while by now everyone agrees about what needs to be done, they perhaps don't understand the extent of the redistribution needed. Between 80% and 100% of the growth in GDP over the next fifteen years must accrue...
Read 6 tweets

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