Mei-hsiang Wang 王梅香 explains that the Cultural Cold War being waged by the "U.S. aid literary institution" 美援文艺体制 against red ideology was about more than a few magazines, and about more than just Taiwan and Hong Kong, extending out to greater East Asia and the diaspora. ImageImageImageImage
Translation and popularization of American works in HK-TW were crucial, but maybe just as important was selling the diaspora on the idea that Free China was the source of authentic Chinese culture. Part of that was Eileen Chang's anticommunist efforts, funded and planned by USIS.
Those books were also shipped off to shore up the propaganda effort in Japan, where there was quite a bit of sympathetic interest in Red China. (From "Reporting on 'China' in a 'Novel' Way," also by Mei-hsiang Wang, all about USIS-Tokyo translations of Chinese literature.) ImageImageImageImage
Also included was College Student Life in Red China 红旗下的大学生活 by Maria Yen 燕归来, a supposedly milder English "adaptation" credited to USIS head Richard McCarthy was reviewed glowingly in the Times. I couldn't tell you whether it's justly or unjustly forgotten. ImageImageImageImage

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More from @dylanleviking

27 Nov
Yi-hung Liu has a paper—"The World Comes to Iowa in the Cold War: International Writing Program and the Translation of Mao Zedong"—on another part of the American project of shaping Chinese literature. The International Writing Program was started by Paul Engle and his wife... Image
...Hualing Nieh Engle 聂华苓, two members of the Iowa crew that included Richard M. McCarthy, HK USIS head. The CIA had funded Engle's Writers' Workshop, and the IWP was a scheme to bring in writers from outside the free world to hear the gospel of American freedom. ImageImageImageImage
Writers from unfree states were granted a chance at liberation—a "left-liberal ideal of international integration." Like in HK and TW, the emphasis was not on anticommunism, but on individualism, becoming a global citizen (in a world governed by the United States). ImageImageImageImage
Read 12 tweets
27 Nov
Richard M. McCarthy was Eileen Chang's handler, planning her anticommunist output, and the shadowy figure that ran the ideological fight against communist influence in Chinese-language literature. An important figure in modern Chinese literary history, he's rarely acknowledged. ImageImage
An Iowa boy with a degree in American literature, he was given a job at the US Information Service China while working at the Beijing consulate. It's interesting that work actually continued in the PRC—at least for a short time, until the reds booted them out. ImageImageImageImage
He wound up in Hong Kong. This 1988 interview by the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project is a bit vague. "We discovered Eileen Chang," he says, but forgets the second anticommunist novel she produced for USIS (it was Naked Earth). ImageImageImageImage
Read 9 tweets
26 Nov
When talking about Taiwanese literature, it's usually imagined as a more ideologically free space, compared to Mainland literature. That impression and the literature written during the Cold War were the result of the US Information Service's own ideological project in East Asia.
The concept of a "U.S. aid literary institution" 美援文艺体制 comes from Chien-Chung Chen 陈建忠, who contrasted it with the national arts and culture institution 国家文艺体制—both pushed an anticommunist message, but the American institution was a soft system 软性体制...
...developing Taiwanese literature in a direction that would allow it to match up with the world view and esthetic point of view of the United States, breaking the author's connection to society, turning it into pure esthetics.
Read 8 tweets
24 Nov
This is mostly an excuse to look around Yinchuan on Baidu's street view. I read about mosque architecture Sinicization, then spent an hour or so looking at Yinchuan mosques. I have no conclusions. Some of the pictures are interesting. This is the Xinhua Mosque 新华清真寺... Image
From memory, it was built in the early '50s by a local entrepreneur, fell into disrepair, and was renovated into the more international style above sometime in the '90s. Two years ago, it was restored to what you see below. They switched handset sponsors, too. Image
This is a view of the Nanguan Mosque 南关清真寺. It was rebuilt mostly from scratch in 1982, the original structure having been heavily damaged in the 1960s. I've never come across a clear explanation of why Yihewani mosques tend toward more international architecture... Image
Read 13 tweets
12 Oct
No sex work under communism: by 1951, all the brothels were closed and the workers sent to be rehabilitated and retrained. Love in the Wasteland 遗落荒原的爱 (1994) is about some of those women, made at a time when market reforms and social chaos had revived the profession.
In the '50s, a group of women liberated from brothels has arrived under assumed names at a reclamation settlement in the Northeast. One of the agricultural workers named Ji Gang 纪刚 (Chen Xiguang 陈希光) falls in love with one of the women, Wen Xiu 文秀 (Song Jia 宋佳).
One of the other women is unlucky enough to run into a former client, who recognizes her. Wen Xiu is also exposed. She's already pregnant with Ji Gang's child, but he rejects her. She ends up marrying the mute Wu Qi 吴起 (Li Xinmin 李心敏), who dies soon after.
Read 7 tweets
11 Oct
Guan Hu's 管虎 Dirt 头发乱了 (1994) was made possible by hundred grand from a trading company attached to a state-owned chemical manufacturer, eighteen grand of which was paid to an obscure state studio to claim the film—but it was still held up for over a year before release.
Yingjin Zhang gives us the financing story in "Rebel without a Cause? China's New Urban Generation and Postsocialist Filmmaking." Compared to earlier films like, say, Rock Kids 摇滚青年 (1988), which celebrated within the boundaries, this was an attempt at a countercultural film.
Unlike Beijing Bastards 北京杂种 (1993), it's not a celebration of provocation, but a sad, nostalgic film. A young woman (Kong Lin孔琳) returns to Beijing after leaving for Guangzhou as a kid, reuniting with her old friends: one a rock musician (Geng Le 耿乐), the other a cop.
Read 11 tweets

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