#OnThisDay Nazis began using mobile gas chambers at Chelmno.
SS officer Walter Rauff was in charge of producing the gas trucks, in which half a million or more Jews were murdered...
Walter Rauff, SS technical officer who produced the mobile gas chambers, was later put in command of the Einsatzkommando assigned to Erwin Rommel's army. Rauff was to carry out murder of Jews of Egypt & Middle East...
What prevented Rauff's Einsatzkommando from reaching Cairo, Jerusalem, Damascus & Baghdad? British Eighth Army - incl soldiers from N. Zealand, Australia, India & more - drew line in the sand at El Alamein... @crusaderproject@deborahlipstadt@DanielSeidemann@AnshelPfeffer
Later in 1942, after Allied invasion of Morocco & Algeria, Germany occupied Vichy Tunisia. SS immediately sent same Walter Rauff to Tunisia to carry out genocide of Jews in N. Africa...
Rauff began classic SS steps against Jews of Tunisia, incl forced labor. Plan was to ship Jews to camps in Europe. By then, though, Allied victories denied Germans & Italians control of Med, and Germans lacked shipping for genocide plan...
Rauff - creator of mobile gas vans, intended murderer of Jews of Middle East - escaped Tunisia before German defeat, escaped Germany before end of war, and lived out his life in Chile...
It's truly unfortunate that no English-language publisher has brought out Martin Cüppers's German biography of SS war criminal Walther Rauff. It's an essential work of Holocaust history.
SS officer Walther Rauff's failure in Tunisia, unfortunately, was not complete. Hundreds of Tunisian Jews died in Holocaust; others survived labor camps. They should be part of our memory of the genocide...
And British (Indian, South African, Australian, New Zealand) victory at El Alamein is likewise essential part of Holocaust history, and of the debt of the living to those who fought there.
Everyone who writes politics in Israel is writing about how Gideon Saar will or will not affect Netanyahu & the whole political scene.
Pro tip: No one has a clue. Nothing that happens here is expected.
This country exists to make fools of would-be prophets.... @kampeas@lrozen
Go back to the days after the first election in 2019. Find me a pundit who expected that at the last minute Netanyahu would fail to form a coalition & we'd have not 1 but 2 more elections.
Total shocker...
For that matter, find me someone who predicted that Gantz would suddenly decide to run for Knesset speaker last year, split his party, join Netanyahu.
Too absurd to even consider forecasting...
A pre-Yom Kippur note re Yitzhak Rabin & @AOC -
Every chapter of a book changes the meaning of all the chapters before.
Every day each of us writes a new chapter of our book.
Rabin's bio includes harsh chapters.
In the final chapter…
In the final chapter of his life, Rabin broke the mainstream Israeli taboo, recognized Palestinian nationalism, and determinedly pursued peace with the Palestinians…
In the final chapter of his life, Rabin also broke the Israeli taboo on a political alliance with the parties representing Arab citizens of Israel…
#OnThisDay (yesterday, actually, but I don't tweet on Rosh Hashanah): Sept. 20, 1940: Genevieve Grotjan, mathematician in US Army's Signal Intelligence Service, makes crucial break in Japan's Purple diplomatic cipher: #War_of_Shadows @sheeraf@SpitfireFilly@ShiraOvide
Gene Grotjan was 26. She'd entered civil service b/c she hadn't been able to get a college teaching job, apparently b/c colleges wouldn't hire women.
The only law always followed in war is the Law of Unintended Consequences. Grotjan's rejection by universities led to her career in codebreaking - and to the discovery that allowed U.S. to read Japan's most secret diplomatic cipher. @sarahposner@danephron
#OnThisDay Sept. 17, 1939: Soviet Union invades Poland, in accordance with the secret provisions of the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact….
Polish mathematician Marian Rejewski, the man who broke the Nazis' "unbreakable" Enigma cipher, had fled Warsaw & found refuge in Eastern Poland. When the Soviets invade, he & 2 young colleages flee again, this time to Romania… @OrenNahari@MilHistNow #War_Of_Shadows
Exploiting the chaos at the border, master codebreaker Rejewski & his colleagues evade internment by the Romanians & reach Bucharest.
There they ask the British embassy for help…
UAE-Israel accord named after Biblical Abraham
What would Abraham, who walked before God and was pure, think of the sham of a "peace agreement" b/w countries that weren't at war?
Normalizing relations b/w Israel & other countries is a good thing. The benefits, however, are overshadowed by the tremendous hyping, aided by uncritical reporting.
Benefits are also thrown into question by lack of transparency - Netanyahu reaching agreements w/out any consultation w/cabinet, which in Israel holds collective responsibility for executive actions. Made worse by Netanyahu's outright lying on F-35 issue.
President Roosevelt is about to ask Congress to repeal Neutrality Act, which blocks U.S. from selling arms to Britain and France.
Lindbergh's speech is preemptive bid to prevent repeal.
The only kind of war that America in which America should take sides, Charles Lindbergh says on 15 Sept 1939, would be one to preserve white supremacy. #War_of_Shadows