If you had a high resolution map of everything what would you use?
How about tightest percent stenosis anywhere in coro?
If you thought it was great then you are going to rate a person with an isolated 75% stenosis of the distal RCA worse than a person with five 70%ish stenoses of each of the LAD, CX, RCA, Om1 and D1.
Then you would definitely lose when the plaque burden people rated the multivessel guy as higher risk.
So then you reach out to Francis Industries.
"Ah," we say.
"We are so clever. We are gonna make a continuous variable, one for each vessel.
Then we take the average of all 3 vessels.
Global Stenosis Index
Only $9995 per vessel."
NOW who rates as higher stenosis ?
Right but then Kirtanics Inc decides to break the stranglehold of the Francis industries patent.
"Francis are stupid. How can you only count each vessel as just one thing?
Use the Ajaytronic index!
Calculate stenosis in each of 19 Coro segments and total them."
What's the matter with you people?
Which is greater
Average of 70 70 70
Or
Average of 75 0 0
Yes it's bloody obvious.
How come this?
I can't believe I let you guys put metal things in my heart.
So global Stenosis Index is going to be better than "worst vessel"
But Ajaytronic index will be even better because it will correctly rate a guy with 70% lesions in all 19 (or whatever) coronary segments as worse than someone with a single distal 75% lesion in each of the 3 big arteries.
But before Ajay can buy his mansion in Monte Carlo along comes Roxanna
With her Merantic index
"19 segments is too few, of course!
We are Mehrancorp use 256 slice CT, at least until we can get the 8192 slice CT in"
"So we divide the coros into 65536 segments blah blah blah"
And of course she will win.
The only person who can trump this sequence of one upmanship is the person who realises the mathematical consequence of smallening the segments is that they converge to a limit of 0ish.
The numbered distinct segments become a continuum.
And Frank "don't dichotomise anything, ever" Harrell will be that person.
With his method,
Frank's Ultimate Continuous Kinetic Stenosis Analysis of Kernel Envelope
... he will definitely win.
And what would he have done?
Integrated the stenosis over the total coronary tree.
Very clever.
Until he gets sued.
By the people who do the total plaque burden.
"That's our thing!"
THAT is why total burden will keep winning.
That's why whenever you want your own godforsaken index to win, the number 1 rule in your clinical trials is, what?
Because if you DO measure total burden, total burden will win.
So don't.
Just measure your thing.
Most people are so stupid that they won't realise what you are doing.
They will just be amazed,
"oh Darrels Flow Reserve is so amazing, isn't it? So prognostic!"
Go look at all the indices of risk on coronary angiogram.
How many compared the fancy expensive thing with plaque burden measured in any way (even if stupid)?
Looking forward to seeing any counterexamples below!
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Because of the 0.3%, i.e. 180,000 who die, and the few million who end up ill in hospital.
Doh.
1. Because despite having lived cosseted lives where everything is provided for us from cradle to grave, be it food, security, education, healthcare, or law and order,
SOMEHOW many young people I come across seem to have a higher sense of civic virtue than you...
Suppose you motor-bike to work every day. @rallamee nags you, "Why don't you wear a crash helmet, it is safer, blah blah blah."
If you wear a crash helmet today (ONLY), how will it improve your survival curve?
(Hazard = death risk on a particular day)
That baffled people, sorry. This isn't supposed to be the hard bit.
Wearing a crash helmet TODAY makes my motorcycle riding safer for me TODAY.
I go back to no-helmet from tomorrow onwards. Does the fact that I had worn a helmet today, make tomorrows ride safer?
Being a non-smoker today helps me not die today.
Does whether I smoke today have any influence on the probability of me surviving through the whole of 8 Dec 2030, GIVEN THAT I survive up to the end of 7 Dec 2030?
So cheer up. Every time you get a question wrong, think about what you could have done to get it right, and make sure to do that thing in future (in real life, not in inspirion).
If you get a low score (say 30%) - smile! You're learning lots.
If you keep getting 100%, the course is not for you, as you are probably a statistician or a bit sad in the head, to be so good at hard things.
My own score is often less than 100%.
i.e. I have to reword ~1-2 Qs or As per seminar, in light of comments.
It is absolutely hilarious! There are several giveaways that this is not really a doctor. Which can you spot?
Thank you to various people who sent me details of circumventing the Telegraph's paywall. I generally avoid doing that, for articles where the _authors_ would want me to pay to read (as it is their living).
I subscribe to publications to support them.
SCIENTIFIC papers are written by people who would be absolutely delighted to give you copies of all their work for free. They have zero interest in anyone charging you to read their work
So I am happy to let them communicate with me via sci-hub.se or any other means
The FDA does not allow or disallow particular things to be used as a placebo. They use their common sense.
My common sense says "Mineral oil is inert, because (a) it is mineral rather than animal or vegetable, and (b) we use Paraffin as a laxative, because it is inert."
Unfortunately my common sense is wrong.
That's life.
To their credit, the REDUCE-IT people and the EVAPORATE people did not *assume* it was inert. They tested that hypothesis.