"praeterea, si nona diem mortalibus almum
Aurora extulerit radiisque retexerit orbem,
prima citae Teucris ponam certamina classis;
quique pedum cursu valet, et qui viribus audax
aut iaculo incedit melior levibusque sagittis,...
"seu crudo fidit pugnam committere caestu,
cuncti adsint meritaeque exspectent praemia palmae.
ore favete omnes et cingite tempora ramis.”
Virgil, Aeneid 5.64-71
'What is more, if the ninth Dawn should raise a kindly day
For mortals, illuminating the earth with her beaming,...
'I shall decree games for the Trojans: first a race of swift ships;
Then to see who is the fleetest of foot; and who - bold in their
Strength - darts better with javelin and light arrows;
Or who has faith in his brawling, hands bound in rawhide straps...
'Let everyone step up and seek the palm, that prize for victory.
But now be silent, all of you, and wreathe your heads with fronds.'
The Image at the head of this brief thread is a miniature of the Sicilian games from Aeneid Book V, with the Trojan fleet being fired by Eris in the background, ca. 1483-1485 (British Library: King's 24, f. 115. Link - bl.uk/catalogues/ill…)
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Ancient Coin of the Day: For his birthday, let's use today's thread to take a look at the coinage of Galba, starting with this lovely aureus of AD 68-69 from the mint at Tarraco. #ACOTD#Galba
Although Galba's reign was brief, he at least demonstrated that he understood the power of numismatic messaging. Thus his coinage was well-crafted with powerful messages of righting Rome and putting the empire back on track.
The Obverse of this coin shows a rather severe laureate portrait of Galba with the simple Legend GALBA IMPERATOR - 'Galba, Victorious Commander'. The simple nomenclature here is often cited as evidence that this coin was issued prior to his formal acclamation by the Senate.
"ventum erat ad limen, cum virgo, “poscere fata
tempus” ait: “deus, ecce, deus!” cui talia fanti
ante fores subito non vultus, non color unus,
non comptae mansere comae, sed pectus anhelum,
et rabie fera corda tument, maiorque videri...
"nec mortale sonans, adflata est numine quando
iam propiore dei."
Virgil, Aeneid 6.45-51
'They had come to the threshold, when the maiden cried out:
"The time has come to consult the oracles:. The god, behold the god!"...
'As this voice filled her in front of the doors, suddenly
Neither her face nor her complexion was as it should have been;
Her hair fell in disarray, her breast heaved heavily,
Her heart swelled in wild frenzy and she seemed to grow taller...
Ancient Coin of the Day: Just got Hercules on my mind today, so the thread is going to look at the connection which Commodus forged with Hercules, starting with this aureus of AD 190. #ACOTD#Commodus#Hercules
The connection between the Emperor and the gods was one that had a long history, with Augustus being worshipped at Narbonne alongside the goddess Roma, but few emperors went as far as Commodus in explicitly associating themselves with a particular deity.
Dio (73.15.6) tells us that during Commodus' reign "vast numbers of statues were erected representing him in the garb of Hercules. And it was voted that his age should be named the 'Golden Age', and that this should be recorded in all the records without exception."
"Vix ea fatus erat, cum circumfusa repente
scindit se nubes et in aethera purgat apertum.
bfmprrestitit Aeneas claraque in luce refulsit,
os umerosque deo similis; namque ipsa decoram
caesariem nato genetrix lumenque iuventae...
"purpureum et laetos oculis adflarat honores;
quale manus addunt ebori decus, aut ubi flavo
argentum Pariusve lapis circumdatur auro."
Virgil, Aeneid 1.586-593
'Scarce had Achates finished his utterance, when the cloud
Parted suddenly and dissolved into the clear air....
'Aeneas stepped forward, shining in the bright light,
His face and shoulders like a god's; for his mother, Venus herself,
Had cast upon her son a beauteous glaze - flowing locks,
Youth's ruddy bloom, with a sparkling glint in the eyes too...
Ancient Coin of the Day: A Flavian kick today, in particular the association that Domitian fostered between himself and the goddess Minerva, starting with this aureus of AD 82. #ACOTD#Domitian
Domitian's association with Minerva is well known, with Dio (67.1.2) noting almost immediately that "of the gods, it was Athena (Minerva) that he most honoured". Indeed, Philostratos (Life of Apollonius of Tyre 7.24) goes so far as to note that Domitian suggested that he was...
...the son of Athena. Similarly, Martial (Epigram 14.179 - published ca AD 84/5) speaks of the fact that both Minerva and Domitian sport an aegis - the Gorgon's head - on their armour. As a goddess of wisdom and warfare, Minerva was a fine choice for a close affinity.
qualis in Eurotae ripis aut per iuga Cynthi
exercet Diana choros, quam mille secutaehinc atque hinc glomerantur Oreades; illa pharetram
fert umero gradiensque deas supereminet omnis;
Latonae tacitum pertemptant gaudia pectus:...
"talis erat Dido, talem se laeta ferebat
per medios, instans operi regnisque futuris."
Virgil, Aeneid 1.498-504
'Just as Diana guides her troupes on Eurotas' banks or
Along the ridges of Cynthus, she whom a thousand
Following Oreads murmurate behind, flitting this way and that.
'Bearing a quiver on her shoulder, she outstrips all goddesses,
Making joys thrill the silent breast of Latona.
Such was Dido, in such a manner did she move amongst
Their midst, spurring on the work of her nascent kingdom.'