A straw poll among 25 NQTs last year suggested that they had, on average, received 2 hours (in total) of phonics training from their ITT institutions.
Perhaps this is why those schools have to ensure that all of their teachers (including KS2) receive four full days of phonics training.
This is undertaken at schools' expense and backfill costs and delivered to teachers who may have just spent £27,000 on three years of degree-level instruction.The problem is deeper than just phonics with new teachers exhibiting little understanding of how children learn to read.
Furthermore, there seems to have been little exploration on ITT courses of the advances in cognitive science and how that relates to reading and general pedagogy. Plenty of Piaget though and they can all back display boards in vivd colours and ensure borders are perpendicular.
Not all of our ITT institutions are culpable - there are some groundbreaking exceptions- but the number is small and when one reads the missives from the leading ITT academics the deficit in student knowledge is explained.thereadingape.com/single-post/20…
It is interesting that UCL still pedals Reading Recovery and anti-phonics research. Much of the research from UK education academics is at best unhelpful and appears to be self-publicising attention seeking. Compare this to the work done in the US by @TimRasinski1 and McCandliss.
As @debbiehepp suggests the issue does not merely lie with the institutions but with those who hold them accountable.Any student in any primary ITT context beyond the first year should have a cogent, detailed and coherent answer to the question, "How do children learn to read?"
And if they mention 'whole word' or 'whole language' then the institution should proceed directly to 'special measures'. It's the equivalent of asking a doctor how to treat a ruptured appendix and them replying, "leaches of course!"
Phonics instruction is not of itself the answer and there has been far too much expectation placed on it to remedy the nation's reading deficits. Beck's (1998) basketball analogy is useful here...
Dribbling is essential to basketball but great dribbling skills will not a great basketball player make. Nonetheless, all great basketball players have excellent dribbling skills.

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More from @TheReadingApe

1 Jan
This is a really interesting question and, in essence, asks what reading comprehension actually is. Beck et al. (1997) argued that it has historically been viewed as the extraction of information from the text and that this was assessed by the asking of questions AFTER reading.
They suggested that this approach had led to strategies-based instruction with the major drawback being that teachers focused on the strategy rather than the meaning of what is being read - eg. 'Success For All'. More here-thereadingape.com/single-post/20…
They posited that comprehension is the building of understanding; the construction of meaning from the text and that this takes place DURING reading. The role of teachers, therefore, was more dialogic. Queries rather than questions - thereadingape.com/single-post/20…
Read 12 tweets
28 Dec 20
Rayner et al. (2012)- 'Silent reading tests indicate a child's independent reading level relative to their grade and age, but they do not provide information about the development of underlying skills that contribute to that overall reading score....'
...This is because an overall reading comprehension score can reflect the summed outcome of any number of patterns of strength or weaknesses in component skills. Most children who score poorly on reading comprehension do so because they struggle with isolated word recognition...'
'...Despite ample evidence that supports a close connection between efficient word recognition and text comprehension, our experience suggests that teachers tend to respond to low comprehension scores by intensifying their teaching of metacognitive strategies.'
Read 4 tweets
5 Dec 20
Neuroimaging data make two important contributions to discussions of reading development...
1.Activation in younger readers primarily in the anterior and dorsal circuits involved in orthographic-phonological processing indicates that that when children begin to read their brains develop the circuitry to process the letter-sound mappings.The focus of phonics instruction.
2. Frost et al. (2007) suggest that children who can read accurately and fluently develop the neural circuitry to access whole-word forms through the ventral pathway.
Read 5 tweets
8 Nov 20
Much of the resistance to early schooling seems to be intertwined with the concept of reading readiness which became prevalent after Dolch and Bloomster’s (1937) study and Huey's (1902) recommendation that if a child were unable to read a text then it should not be read...
‘Its very difficulty is the child’s protection against what it is as yet unfitted for,’ (p.57).
‘Delay as a teaching technique’ (Anderson,1952) developed into common educational parlance with the belief that any reading difficulties encountered by the age of seven would be resolved by cognitive maturation.
Read 9 tweets
2 Nov 20
Gough and Tunmer’s (1986) research developed into the influential ‘Simple View of Reading’, further modified by Hoover and Gough (1990), which drew three clear conclusions from the study.
Firstly, that the highly complex manifestation of reading comprehension can be atomised into two identifiable categories: the ability to decode text and the ability to comprehend language.
Decoding relates to an ability to decipher text accurately. Language comprehension, although not specific to reading, relates to domain knowledge, reasoning, imagining and interpretation (Kamhi, 2007).
Read 6 tweets
20 Aug 20
So were the reading wars merely a misunderstanding...?
In 1886 James Cattle discovered that words could be read faster than individual letters. So, if we read words faster than letters why bother with the letters? Why bother with the alphabet, and why bother with phonics? Just concentrate on learning words...
This dovetailed beautifully with Gestalt theory (Wertheimer, 1924) which maintained behaviour was not determined by its individual elements but that, ‘the part processes are themselves determined by the intrinsic nature of the whole…’
Read 11 tweets

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